The battle between the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia (nee Merrimack), at Hampton Roads was neither the beginning nor the end of the story of the ironclad warships in the Civil War. Both the Union and the Confederate navies not only had other ironclad ships in commission at the time of the battle, they already had used them in combat. The months following saw the appearance of squadrons of monitors and casemate ironclads of the general design of the Virginia. It is with the sequels to the Battle of Hampton Roads that this book is primarily concerned.

Although more than a century has elapsed since its beginnings, the conditions which gave rise to the ironclad warship were the same which later were to bring about the development of the dreadnought, the aircraft carrier, and the nuclear submarine: the responses of a burgeoning industrial technology to the demands of particular strategic requirements.

The ironclads, in fact, were among the very first products of the modern age of technology, along with the railroad and the telegraph, and they were unquestionably the first of the melancholy procession of modern tools of war. As such, they were a whole era ahead of any weapons in use ashore, save the revolver. The armies of the Civil War really differed relatively little from the armies of Marlborough, or even Cromwell, but even the crudest of the navies' armored vessels would have seemed familiar to a seaman of today.

The first contribution to the development of armored warships was most certainly the marine steam engine, which had been in use since about 1815 and, by the beginning of the Civil War, had reached a relatively high state of development, although it was used at that time only as a primary means of propulsion for riverboats and tugs. While essential to the creation of ironclads, the steam engine in no way dictated or forced their adoption; nor, for that matter, did the second necessary factor: the availability of large amounts of relatively cheap wrought iron ( brought about by the rise of the railroads).

The decisive factor in their birth was the development of the heavy naval gun, and especially of the heavy shell gun.

The War of 1812 had demonstrated, to the United States Navy at least, that a few heavy, long-range guns were more effective than many smaller lighter guns. While the great frigates such as the Constitution generally carried more guns than their opponents, it was remarked that it was usually their heavy chase guns which were decisive. Similar experiences during the same period led French and British naval architects to the same conclusions, and in the 182-'s and '30's the trend in warship design began to turn toward smaller, faster vessels mounting only a few heavy powerful guns.

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Robert MacBride - Civil War Ironclads; The Dawn of Naval Armor (1962).rar

The pivot gun, which could be rotated to fire in any direction, began to come into general use. This arrangement, which had been used for several centuries on Mediterranean galleys, as well as on minor combatant ships in the Swedish Navy in the 18th century and in both the British and the American navies at the beginning of the 19th, was generally adopted for the armament of the new steam-powered sloops and frigates.

The interest in more effective naval guns led simultaneously to the development of the large calibre rifle and the shell gun. Like the pivot gun, the principle of both was fairly well known. Explosive shells had been used in mortars for many years, and the muzzle-loading rifle, as students of the American Revolution well know, was already in use as a small calibre weapon. Improved methods of producing and forming wrought iron now made large calibre rifles feasible.

The shell gun, for which the French General Paixhans must be credited, spelled doom for the wooden ship. Hitherto, the sides of even the heaviest ships had to contend only with solid shot, which simply attempted to punch a hole through the wood. Now the physical properties of wood are such that it is well suited to withstand this kind of shock, coming as it does across the grain, and since wood is naturally buoyant it is always possible, in theory at least, to make the sides thick enough to absorb the impact of virtually any size solid shot. The effect of an explosive shell, however, is something else again. The shell strikes the wooden wall, burrows part way into the wood, and then, almost entirely confined, explodes under almost ideal conditions. And, since its force is exerted in all directions, it splinters the wood (and most likely sets it afire). The difference can be compared to that between chopping a log and splitting it.

Once these she'll guns became operational, it did not take much imagination to see that iron armor was now a necessity. This was well proved in the Battle of Sinope in 1853, in which the Russian fleet, using Paixhans' shell guns, virtually annihilated the Turkish fleet. After experimenting with iron-plated floating batteries in the Crimean War, both the British and French began to build ironclads, beginning with the French Gloire in 1859 and the British Warrior in 1860. Both of these ships, and the others of their respective classes which soon followed them, were, nevertheless, conventional propeller-driven steam frigates. Only their sides were armored, their armament and sailing rig remaining quite conventional.

The Americans' response ( and we must here include John Ericsson, the Swedish-born inventor of the Monitor) was at once a complete break with a 500-year tradition in warship construction, and at the same time very much in keeping with their own tradition, and particularly their own naval tradition. Since this tradition is very much alive today, and is quite possibly the chief reason for the continued existence of the United States, it is worth while at this point to examine it.

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Richard F. Miller - A Carrier At War; On Board the USS Kitty Hawk in the Iraq War (2005).jpg

What distinguishes Richard F. Miller's A Carrier at War is its focus on individual officers and sailors and shipboard morale as distinct from the usual "bomb and bullet" reporting. The USS Kitty Hawk's mission paralleled the tortuous course of events leading up to the Iraq War. Originally stationed in the northern Persian Gulf to enforce the Southern No-Fly Zone, the Kitty Hawk became one of the lead elements in the campaign to "shock and awe" the Iraqi armed forces, from the moment her battle group launched twelve of some forty Tomahawk cruise missiles in the first effort to kill Saddam Hussein to the round-the-clock sorties of fighter jets launched from her deck once hostilities began. The author, who was present before, during, and after the beginning of the war, interviewed the ship's captain, chaplains, aviators, the ship psychologist, doctors, the dentist, and the chief of security. He visited the brig, interviewed the jailors, ate with both officers and enlisted men and women, and, on the brink of war, attended both Christian and Jewish religious services.

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William Dusinberre - Slavemaster President; The Do uble Career of James Polk (2003).jpg

James Polk was President of the United States from 1845 to 1849, a time when slavery began to dominate American politics. Polk's presidency coincided with the eruption of the territorial slavery issue, which within a few years would lead to the catastrophe of the Civil War. Polk himself owned substantial cotton plantations-- in Tennessee and later in Mississippi-- and some 50 slaves. Unlike many antebellum planters who portrayed their involvement with slavery as a historical burden bestowed onto them by their ancestors, Polk entered the slave business of his own volition, for reasons principally of financial self-interest. Drawing on previously unexplored records, Slavemaster President recreates the world of Polk's plantation and the personal histories of his slaves, in what is arguably the most careful and vivid account to date of how slavery functioned on a single cotton plantation. Life at the Polk estate was brutal and often short. Fewer than one in two slave children lived to the age of fifteen, a child mortality rate even higher than that on the average plantation. A steady stream of slaves temporarily fled the plantation throughout Polk's tenure as absentee slavemaster. Yet Polk was in some respects an enlightened owner, instituting an unusual incentive plan for his slaves and granting extensive privileges to his most favored slave. Startlingly, Dusinberre shows how Polk sought to hide from public knowledge the fact that, while he was president, he was secretly buying as many slaves as his plantation revenues permitted. Shortly before his sudden death from cholera, the president quietly drafted a new will, in which he expressed the hope that his slaves might be freed--but only after he and his wife were both dead. The very next day, he authorized the purchase, in strictest secrecy, of six more very young slaves. By contrast with Senator John C. Calhoun, President Polk has been seen as a moderate Southern Democratic leader. But Dusinberre suggests that the president's political stance toward slavery-- influenced as it was by his deep personal involvement in the plantation system-- may actually have helped precipitate the Civil War that Polk sought to avoid.

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William Dusinberre - Slavemaster President; The Do uble Career of James Polk (2003).pdf

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Miniatury morskie EWM 2-2 - Sławomir Kędzierski - CSS Alabama korsarz Konfederacji (2006).jpg

CSS Alabama – to slup parowy marynarki Skonfederowanych Stanów Ameryki, prowadzący działania rajderskie podczas domowej wojny secesyjnej. Był to najsłynniejszy z konfederackich rajderów, nazywanych też krążownikami.

Historia

Podczas wojny secesyjnej w USA, cała amerykańska przedwojenna flota wojenna i większość floty handlowej znalazła się pod kontrolą Unii (stanów północnych). Północ ponadto zastosowała blokadę morską portów Południa. Wskutek tej dysproporcji, jedyną możliwością Konfederacji na morzu było prowadzenie wojny rajderskiej – zwalczanie handlu morskiego Unii. W tym celu przebudowywano kilka statków na okręty wojenne, nazwane krążownikami (ang. cruiser), a emisariusze Konfederacji podjęli starania w celu zakupu okrętów za granicą. Oprócz tego, władze Konfederacji werbowały kaprów.

W czerwcu 1861 wysłano dwóch emisariuszy Jamesa Bullocha i Jamesa Northa do Wielkiej Brytanii. Mimo deklarowanej przez Wielką Brytanię neutralności, po cichu sprzyjała ona Konfederatom, do czego przyczynił się też głośny incydent z bezprawnym zatrzymaniem brytyjskiego statku "Trent" przez amerykański okręt i aresztowaniem na nim wysłanników Konfederacji 8 listopada 1861. Mimo prób przeciwdziałania ze strony ambasadora Stanów Zjednoczonych w Wielkiej Brytanii, James Bulloch zdołał zakupić tam, a następnie uzbroić 5 statków.

Jednym ze statków zakupionych w Anglii był 1050-tonowy slup z pomocniczym śrubowym napędem parowym "Alabama", zbudowany w 1862 w stoczni John Laird Sons and Company w Liverpoolu. 29 lipca 1862 okręt wypłynął w pierwszy próbny rejs, z którego już nie powrócił do portu, kierując się na Azory. Okręt został przyjęty oficjalnie w skład marynarki konfederackiej 24 sierpnia 1862, jako krążownik CSS "Alabama". Dowództwo objął komandor Raphael Semmes, dowodzący poprzednio krążownikiem CSS Sumter. Na Azorach okręt spotkał się ze statkiem zaopatrzeniowym "Agrippina", który dostarczył mu oficerów, broń i zapasy.

Po uzbrojeniu, "Alabama" 7 października wyruszyła w pierwszy rejs. Podczas pierwszych dwóch miesięcy, zdobyła na Atlantyku 20 statków Unii. Statki następnie były niszczone. Następnie, okręt kontynuował działalność korsarską na Morzu Karaibskim, z mniejszymi rezultatami. Podpływając pod port Galveston w Teksasie, blokowany przez okręty Unii, 11 stycznia 1863 "Alabama" zatopiła w pojedynku artyleryjskim bocznokołową kanonierkę Unii USS "Hatteras". która początkowo wzięła "Alabamę" za brytyjski okręt. Po tym sukcesie, "Alabama" opuściła ten akwen, kontynuując działalność na południowym Atlantyku, a następnie Oceanie Indyjskim, zdobywając i niszcząc prawie 40 statków Unii do końca roku. Pomimo podejmowanych prób, okręty Unii nie mogły przechwycić rajdera.

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Miniatury morskie EWM 2-2 - Sławomir Kędzierski - CSS Alabama korsarz Konfederacji (2006).PDF

W 1864 "Alabama" powróciła na wody europejskie. Z powodu konieczności remontu po dwuletnim pływaniu, 11 czerwca 1864 "Alabama" zawinęła do Cherbourga w Francji, gdzie kapitan Semmes poprosił o możliwość dokowania i napraw. Po szybkiej informacji telegraficznej konsula amerykańskiego, pod Cherbourg nadpłynął z Holandii śrubowy slup wojenny Unii USS

Ponieważ Francuzi odmówili możliwości dokowania, 19 czerwca "Alabama" wypłynęła z portu stoczyć pojedynek z "Kearsarge", czekającym na skraju francuskich wód terytorialnych. Wydarzenie to zgromadziło wielu obserwatorów na brzegu. Oba okręty były podobnej wielkości i uzbrojenia – waga salwy burtowej "Alabamy" wynosiła 147 kg, a "Kearsarge" 177 kg. Pierwsza otworzyła ogień "Alabama" z odległości 1800 m. "Kearsarge" otworzył ogień po drugiej salwie "Alabamy", z odległości 900 m. Oba okręty zaczęły zataczać kręgi na przeciwnych kursach, prowadząc ogień. Wyszkolenie artylerzystów "Alabamy" okazało się słabsze, ponadto jej maszyny był bardziej wysłużone i w efekcie "Alabama" otrzymała wiele trafień, podczas gdy jej przeciwnik został w niewielkim stopniu uszkodzony. Po około godzinie walki, "Alabama" została opuszczona przez załogę i zatonęła. Zginęło 19 marynarzy, a 21 zostało rannych (na "Kearsarge" zginął 1 marynarz i 2 odniosło rany). Większość rozbitków została wzięta do niewoli, natomiast komandor Semmes i 41 innych zostało podjętych przez angielski jacht "Deerhound".

Podczas działalności jako rajder, "Alabama" zatopiła 66 statków, wartych ówczesne 6,5 miliona USD, co uczyniło ją najskuteczniejszym krążownikiem konfederackim, mającym znaczący wpływ na komunikację morską Unii. Przepłynęła w czasie służby 75 000 mil morskich. Po wojnie, rząd USA wysunął wobec Wielkiej Brytanii roszczenia za działalność zbudowanych tam rajderów konfederackich, nazwane roszczeniami "Alabamy" (Alabama claims).

W 1984 wrak "Alabamy" został odnaleziony przez francuską marynarkę wojenną.

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Penny Coleman - Flashback; Posttraumatic Stress Di sorder, Suicide, and the Lessons of War (2006).jpg

In the early 1970s, Penny Coleman married Daniel, a young Vietnam veteran and fellow photographer. Soon, Daniel became deeply troubled, falling victim to multiple addictions and becoming strangely insecure. He suffered from what we now call posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). After Coleman left him, he committed suicide.

Struggling to understand Daniel’s experience, Coleman began investigating the history of PTSD; she found clear cases of the disorder as far back as the Civil War. In Flashback, Coleman deftly weaves psychology and military, political, oral, and cultural history to trace the experience of PTSD in the military up through the Vietnam War. She then focuses on Vietnam to show why this war in particular led to such a high number of PTSD cases, many of which ended tragically in suicide. Like the soldiers listed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial wall, these men are casualties of war.

With record numbers of American soldiers returning from the Middle East already suffering from PTSD, Flashback provides a necessary lesson on the real tragedy of battle for soldiers and their families, something that continues long after the war ends.

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Penny Coleman - Flashback; Posttraumatic Stress Di sorder, Suicide, and the Lessons of War (2006).pdf

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Diana Barrios Trevino, Emeril Lagasse - Los Barrio s Family Cookbook; Tex-Mex Recipes from the Heart of San Antonio (2002).jpg

O USA - Diana Barrios Trevino, Emeril Lagasse - Los Barrios Fami...book Tex-Mex Recipes from the Heart of San Antonio 2002.jpg

Since 1979, Los Barrios restaurant in San Antonio, Texas—the heart of Tex-Mex cuisine—has been serving up casero, or home-style, cooking that has charmed food critics and earned an impressive following. Founded with a small investment and a lot of spirit, Los Barrios built its reputation on the authenticity of its cuisine. The Los Barrios Family Cookbook offers these reputation-making recipes—from simple but impressive traditional Mex-ican dishes, many of which have been handed down and perfected through the generations, to modern Tex-Mex favorites—to fans of Southwest cuisine across the country.

Included are recipes for Mexican essentials: Homemade Flour Tortillas, Tamales, and Pico de Gallo; Barrios family specialties, such as Mama Viola’s Chicken Rice Soup and Acapulco-Style Ceviche; and the classics—Chiles Rellenos, Chalu-pas, and Enchiladas Verdes. All the recipes contain easy-to-find ingredients, and special cooking tips will help you prepare dishes at home that will be as delicious as those served in the restaurant. The Los Barrios Family Cookbook is a comprehensive and indispensable resource for food that explodes with flavor. ¡Buen provecho!

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DK Eyewitness - David S. Murdoch - North American Indian (2005).jpg

Here is an original and exciting guide to the fascinating civilizations of North American Indians. Superb, full-color photographs offer a unique and revealing eyewitness view of this rich culture.

See a necklace made of bear claws, a model of a Blackfeet teepee, a false face made from cornhusks, how fish were trapped in a basket, and a Cheyenne feathered war bonnet.

Learn about the kachina ceremony, why love dolls were important, how turtle shells made music, what's stored inside a parfleche, and how pemmican was made.

Discover the meanings of carvings on a Haida totem pole, what's inside an Iroquois longhouse, what medicine men carried in their medical kits, how a bowdrill works, and much, much more.

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DK Readers - Angela Bull - Free At Last, The Story of Martin Luther King, Jr. (2009).jpg

This reader will help your child learn to read and encourage a life-long love of reading while they learn about the life of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., who encouraged non-violent protest to fulfil his dream of a world where people would be judged by 'the content of their character, not by the colour of their skin'.

This reader is part of a five-level highly pictorial reading scheme, which uses lively illustrations and engaging stories to encourage reading. Level 4 readers have rich vocabulary and challenging sentence structure, additional information, and alphabetical glossary to help challenge growing readers and build literacy skills.

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John Sayle Watterson - The Games Presidents Play; Sports and the Presidency (2006).jpg

The Games Presidents Play provides a new way to view the American presidency. Looking at the athletic strengths, feats, and shortcomings of our presidents, John Sayle Watterson explores not only their health, physical attributes, personalities, and sports IQs, but also the increasing trend of Americans in the past century to equate sporting achievements with courage, manliness, and political competence.
The author of College Football begins with George Washington, whose athleticism contributed to his success on the battlefield and may well have contributed to the birth of the republic. He moves seamlessly into the nineteenth century when, for presidents like Jackson, Lincoln, and Cleveland, frontier sports were part of their formative years. With the twentieth-century presidents -- most notably the hyperactive and headline-grabbing Theodore Roosevelt -- Watterson shows how the growth of mass media and the improved means of transportation transformed presidential sports into both a form of recreation and a means of establishing a positive self-image.
Modern presidents have used sports with varying degrees of success. Herbert Hoover fled Washington on weekends to the trout pools of Camp Rapidan in the Blue Ridge to escape relentless pressures and public criticism during the Great Depression. Franklin Roosevelt demonstrated remarkable physical endurance in his campaign to restore his ravaged body from polio. An obsessive love affair with golf became an issue for Dwight Eisenhower in his campaign for reelection in 1956. Richard Nixon, a former third-string college football lineman, placed calls to Coach George Allen of the Washington Redskins, once suggesting a trick play in a big game.
From the opening pitch of the baseball season to presenting awards to Olympic champions, our sports culture asks the president to play an increasingly active role. Sports, Watterson argues, open a window into the presidency, shedding new light on presidential behavior and offering new perspectives on the office and the sporting men -- and women -- who have and will occupy it.

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Julianne Lutz Newton - Aldo Leopold's Odyssey; Red iscovering the Author of A Sand County Almanac (20 06).jpg

Conservationist Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) is revered for his gorgeous prose, deep appreciation for the beauty and "rightness" of the living world, and profound moral sense of how we should live on the land. But the story of how this Yale-educated midwesterner become one of the nation's first professional foresters and a groundbreaking environmental educator, and developed his commonsensical "land ethic," has not been fully studied until now. Ecologist Newton offers not a biography but, rather, an exacting chronicle of Leopold's intellectual and professional odyssey. Leopold conceived of the land as "a fountain of energy" flowing through soil (soil conversation was a primary mission), plants, waterways, animals (Leopold was an avid hunter and the nation's leading wildlife expert), and humans. He knew that to sustain "land health" we needed to develop an "ecological conscience" and fend off the "industrial juggernaut." Newton's compelling and elucidating close reading of Leopold's keystone works greatly enhances our understanding of his scientific rigor, philosophical valor, and abiding sense of wonder. If only we would take his conservation ethic to heart.

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Kelly J. Dixon - Boomtown Saloons; Archaeology And History In Virginia City (2005).jpg

Animal bones and saloon meals: a captivating and never before seen view of everyday life in the Virginia City saloons of the Old West.
The image of Old West saloons as sites of violence and raucous entertainment has been perpetuated by film and legend, but the true story of such establishments is far more complex. In Boomtown Saloons, archaeologist Kelly J. Dixon recounts the excavation of four historic saloon sites in Nevada’s Virginia City, one of the West’s most important boomtowns, and shows how the physical traces of this handful of disparate drinking places offer a new perspective on authentic life in the mining West.
During the second half of the nineteenth century, the Comstock Lode’s mineral wealth attracted people from all over the world. At its peak, Virginia City had a cosmopolitan population of over 20,000 people. Like people everywhere, they sought to pass their leisure time in congenial company, often in one or another of the four saloons studied here. Dixon’s account of the role these four establishments played in the social and economic life of Virginia City offers keen insight into the businesses and people who made up the backdrop of a mining boomtown. The saloons in this study were quieter than legend would have us believe; they served relatively distinct groups and offered their customers a place of refuge, solidarity, and social contact with peers in a city where few people had longtime ties or initially any close contacts.
Boomtown Saloons also offers an equally vivid portrait of the modern historical archaeologist who combines time-honored digging, reconstruction, and analysis methods with such cutting-edge technology as DNA analysis of saliva traces on a 150-year-old pipestem and chemical analysis of the residue in discarded condiment bottles. The book is illustrated with historical photographs and maps, as well as photographs of artifacts uncovered during the excavations of the four sites. Dixon’s sparkling text and thoughtful interpretation of evidence reveal an unknown aspect of daily life in one of the West’s most storied boomtowns and demonstrate that, contrary to legend, the traditional western saloon served an vital and complex social role in its community.

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Kelly J. Dixon - Boomtown Saloons; Archaeology And History In Virginia City (2005).pdf

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William C. Davis - Battle at Bull Run; A History o f the First Major Campaign of the Civil War (1995).jpg

From the very first pages of this book, it's clear that historian William C. Davis is ready to deliver a gripping account of the first battle of the Civil War. He describes a female spy traveling with stolen information from Washington, D.C., to Confederate headquarters in Fairfax Court House, Virginia: "The whole scene so reeked of penny romance that it bordered on the ludicrous." Maybe so, but it's also real history, and Davis understands what many academic historians do not: a good history book needs to tell good stories. Davis has written many outstanding books on the Civil War era, and Battle at Bull Run is one of his earliest. It's also one of his best, and is perhaps the finest book available on how the Union's haughty overconfidence crumbled against Southern determination in a single afternoon. Confederate General Thomas Jackson earned his immortal nickname, "Stonewall," on that day, and the soldiers who fought under him showed the North that its cry "On to Richmond!" was a hollow one. Much of the book focuses on events leading up to the actual battle--how the two armies were hastily assembled, how each side found its leaders, and so on. This is a familiar tale, but probably never has been told as well as it is on these pages. --John J. Miller

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Robert S. Quimby - The U.S. Army in the War of 181 2; An Operational and Command Study (2 Vol Set) (1 998).jpg

This two-volume work by historian Robert Quimby presents a comprehensive and detailed analysis of military strategy, operations, and management during one of America s most neglected and least understood military campaigns, the War of 1812. With causes that can be traced to the epic contest against Napoleon in Europe beginning in 1803, the war itself was the first conducted by the young Constitutional government of the United States. Quimby demonstrates that failed American initiatives at the beginning of hostilities shattered the unrealistic optimism of the war s staunchest advocates; and while initial failures were followed by military success in 1813, whatever advantage might have been gained was soon lost to incompetent leadership. Major exceptions occurred in the Old Northwest, and in what was then the Southwest, where U.S. forces finally broke the strength of the long-successful Indian-British alliance.
In retrospect, what occurred during the War of 1812 demonstrated the necessity for gaining citizen support before committing the nation to armed conflict; it also provided a series of object lessons on how not to conduct a military campaign. Finally Quimby argues that, notwithstanding several victories at war s end, including the fabled Battle of New Orleans, American perceptions that the United States won the war are erroneous; at best the struggle ended in a draw. The United States Army in the War of 1812 is an up-to-date and long overdue reassessment of military actions conducted during a pivotal conflict in American history, one that shaped U.S. military doctrine for a half century.

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Robert S. Quimby - The U.S. Army in the War of 181 2; An Operational and Command Study (2 Vol Set) (1 998).epub

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U.S. Marine Corps Aviation (1987).jpg

In any historical appreciation of Marine Corps Aviation, there are two factors which make Marine Aviation unique. The first is the close relationship between Marine and Naval Aviation, and the second is the unchanging objective of Marine Aviation to provide direct support to Marine ground forces in combat.

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U.S. Marine Corps Aviation (1987).pdf

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Hugo Munsterberg - The war and America (1914).jpg

This book discusses the essential factors and issues in the European war and their meaning and import for America

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Hugo Munsterberg - The war and America (1914).pdf

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Porter Emerson Browne - The uncivil war (1918).jpg

One of the main reasons why America has had such a hard time getting into this war," said my friend, thoughtfully, " is that, when they started the present world conflict, the Germans sprung on humanity an entirely new kind of war. And one so amazingly different from any war with which Americans had ever been connected that for a long time they didn't believe what they were seeing was really so—like the farmer who gazing upon a giraffe for the first time, waggled his head and remarked, weakly, Go on! There ain't no such animal !

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Porter Emerson Browne - The uncivil war (1918).pdf

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Gary Althen - American Ways - A Guide for Foreigne rs in the United States (2003).jpg

The September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., took place while this revision was in progress. Some commentators said that “everything would change” as a result of the events of that day. It remains to be seen whether the attacks will indeed have a lasting impact on the way Americans live.

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Gary Althen - American Ways - A Guide for Foreigne rs in the United States (2003).pdf

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Lori Kenschaft - Lydia Maria Child; The Quest for Racial Justice (2002).jpg

Lydia Maria Child presents the life of the dynamic nineteenth-century writer who, through her pen and at great personal cost to her literary career, spoke out for those silenced in society -- slaves, Native Americans, women, and the poor. At the dawn of the 1830s, Lydia Maria Child was a celebrated author, known for her popular domestic handbook, The Frugal Housewife, and Hobomok, a novel of American Indian life. In 1833, with the publication of her controversial Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans, Child's life changed dramatically from literary figure to antislavery activist. Her Appeal helped ignite the abolitionist movement, and several antislavery leaders -- including Wendell Phillips and Charles Sumner -- credited it with converting them to the cause. An inspirational look at an extraordinary woman, Lydia Maria Child is the story of how one person fought for the basic human right of freedom.

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Lori Kenschaft - Lydia Maria Child; The Quest for Racial Justice (2002).pdf

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webplipliba1971 napisano 29.04.2021 04:27

Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

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