The looting of the Iraqi National Museum in April of 2003 provoked a world outcry at the loss of artifacts regarded as part of humanity's shared cultural patrimony. But though the losses were unprecedented in scale, the museum looting was hardly the first time that Iraqi heirlooms had been plundered or put to political uses. From the beginning of archaeology as a modern science in the nineteenth century, Europeans excavated and appropriated Iraqi antiquities as relics of the birth of Western civilization. Since Iraq was created in 1921, the modern state has used archaeology to forge a connection to the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and/or Islamic empires and so build a sense of nationhood among Iraqis of differing religious traditions and ethnicities. This book delves into the ways that archaeology and politics intertwined in Iraq during the British Mandate and the first years of nationhood before World War II. Magnus Bernhardsson begins with the work of British archaeologists who conducted extensive excavations in Iraq and sent their finds to the museums of Europe. He then traces how Iraqis' growing sense of nationhood led them to confront the British over antiquities law and the division of archaeological finds between Iraq and foreign excavators. He shows how Iraq's control over its archaeological patrimony was directly tied to the balance of political power and how it increased as power shifted to the Iraqi government. Finally he examines how Iraqi leaders, including Saddam Hussein, have used archaeology and history to legitimize the state and its political actions.

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Magnus T. Bernhardsson - Reclaiming a Plundered Pa st, Archaeology and Nation Building in Modern Iraq (2005).pdf

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The Modern Scholar - Thomas F. Madden - The Mediev al World, vol. I, Kingdoms, Empires, and War (2007 ).jpeg

Professor Thomas F. Madden Biography:
Thomas F. Madden is a professor of history and director of the Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies at Saint Louis University. His numerous scholarly publications include Empires of Trust: How Rome Built—and America Is Building—a New World (Dutton, 2008), The New Concise History of the Crusades (Rowman and Littlefield, 2005), Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), and The Fourth Crusade: The Conquest of Constantinople (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997), coauthored with Donald E. Queller. He is a recognized expert on pre-modern history, frequently appearing in such venues as the New York Times, Washington Post, USA Today, National Public Radio, the Discovery Channel, and the History Channel. His scholarly awards include the Haskins Medal of the Medieval Academy of America and the Otto Gründler Prize of the Medieval Institute.

01 - The End of an Empire and the Beginning of the World
02 - Justinian I and the Reconquest of the West
03 - Storm in the East: The Rise of Islam
04 - The New Masters of Rome: The Popes
05 - A New Empire: The Carolingians
06 - Devastation Again: The New Invasions of Europe
07 - To Reform and Rebuild: The Eleventh-Century Reform Movement
08 - The Clash of Church and State: The Investiture Controversy
09 - The Crusades
10 - Growing Kingdoms: England and France
11 - The Rise and Fall of the Papal Monarchy
12 - Europe Asunder: The Avignon Papacy and the Great Schism
13 - The Hundred Years War
14 - Europe Stands Alone: The Fall of Constantinople

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344,1 MB
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Audiobook - The Modern Scholar - Thomas F. Madden - The Medieval World, vol. I, Kingdoms, Empires, a nd War (2007) read by Thomas F. Madden (501m4s).mp3

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The Modern Scholar - Thomas F. Madden - The Mediev al World, vol. II, Society, Economy, and Culture ( 2007).jpeg

01 - The Legacy of Rome and the Coming of the Germans Lecture
02 - Christianity Triumphant Lecture
03 - Monks and Monasteries Lecture
04 - Villas, Manors, and the Feudal System Lecture
05 - The Carolingian Renaissance Lecture
06 - Daily Life and the Family Lecture
07 - Gothic Architecture Lecture
08 - The Rise of Universities Lecture
09 - The Commercial Revolution and the Rise of Towns Lecture
10 - The Rise of Parliamentary Systems Lecture
11 - Courtly Literature and the Rise of Vernacular Lecture
12 - Heresy and Inquisition Lecture
13 - The Coming of the Friars Lecture
14 - The Black Death and Its Legacy

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212,3 MB
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Audiobook - The Modern Scholar - Thomas F. Madden - The Medieval World, vol. II, Society, Economy, a nd Culture (2007) read by Thomas F. Madden (464m54 s).mp3

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C. N. Reeves, Richard H. Wilkinson, Nicholas Reeve s - The Complete Valley of the Kings, Tombs and Tr easures of Egypt's Greatest Pharaohs (1996).jpg

Historia2 - C. N. Reeves, Richard H. Wilkinson, Nicholas Reeves - ... Tombs and Treasures of Egypts Greatest Pharaohs 1996.jpg

Here is the definitive account of the Valley of the Kings, visited by millions of tourists and famous throughout the world as the burial place of the great New Kingdom pharaohs. Some eighty tombs were dug in the valley at the height of Egyptian power more than 3,000 years ago, their chambers stocked with incredible treasures and decorated with magnificent wall paintings. It was here, in 1922, that Howard Carter stumbled upon the virtually intact tomb of the boy-king, Tutankhamun. Recently the valley has made international headlines with the discovery of the burial chapels of Ramesses the Great's many sons; The Complete Valley of the Kings is the first book to publish an account of these remarkable findings. Reeves and Wilkinson, both acknowledged authorities on the valley, bring together the art, archaeology and history in one exciting account.

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108,1 MB
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C. N. Reeves, Richard H. Wilkinson, Nicholas Reeve s - The Complete Valley of the Kings, Tombs and Tr easures of Egypt's Greatest Pharaohs (1996).pdf

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Patricia D. Netzley - The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt (2005).jpg

This is a competent and useful addition to a crowded field. Alphabetical entries range from prehistory to the time of Greco-Roman domination and are generally between a paragraph and a page in length. Coverage includes individual pharaohs, places, practices, trades, beliefs, artwork, and aspects of daily and family life with entries such as "furniture," "children," and "entertaining guests." Important individuals such as archaeologist Howard Carter are also included. The average-quality, black-and-white illustrations are clear but small, but there are not enough detailed maps. Additional material includes appendixes of Egyptian deities and rulers. This work compares favorably to Margaret Bunson's A Dictionary of Ancient Egypt(Oxford, 1995), but the articles in Netzley's volume are longer and coverage is more wide-ranging

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N. Hanif - Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis, Af rica and Europe (2002).jpg

The "Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis (Africa and Europa)" is a comprehensive information of life. works and philosophy of prominent sufis of Central Africa and Europa since the bigning of Islamic Civilisation. This Encyclopaedia has been compiled in alphabetical order. The life and philosophy of Sufis are based on three cardinal doctrines- muhabhat or the love of God, marifa. or the knowledge of God, and tawhid or the Unification of god. Love is the sole means of Sufis unification with God and therefore he disassociates himself from every* thing save God. Love of God results in the attainment of the knowledge of Divine Essence. Love illuminates the heart. leading to The revelation of God head. Muinddin Chishti says: "The Gnostic always abide in the Slate of passionate love of God"

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8,1 MB
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N. Hanif - Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis, Af rica and Europe (2002).pdf

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Steve Pincus - 1688, The First Modern Revolution ( 2998).jpg

By expanding the interpretive lens to include a broader geographical and chronological frame, Pincus demonstrates that England’s revolution was a European event, that it took place over a number of years, not months, and that it had repercussions in India, North America, the West Indies, and throughout continental Europe. His rich historical narrative, based on masses of new archival research, traces the transformation of English foreign policy, religious culture, and political economy that, he argues, was the intended consequence of the revolutionaries of 1688–1689.

James II developed a modernization program that emphasized centralized control, repression of dissidents, and territorial empire. The revolutionaries, by contrast, took advantage of the new economic possibilities to create a bureaucratic but participatory state. The postrevolutionary English state emphasized its ideological break with the past and envisioned itself as continuing to evolve. All of this, argues Pincus, makes the Glorious Revolution—not the French Revolution—the first truly modern revolution. This wide-ranging book reenvisions the nature of the Glorious Revolution and of revolutions in general, the causes and consequences of commercialization, the nature of liberalism, and ultimately the origins and contours of modernity itself.

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6,9 MB
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Steve Pincus - 1688, The First Modern Revolution ( 2998).pdf

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Peter Bogucki - Encyclopedia of Society and Cultur e in the Ancient World, 4-Volume Set (2007).jpg

The four-volume "Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World" offers comprehensive coverage of the ancient world, from prehistory to the fall of Rome, including Western and non-Western cultures and civilizations. An introduction outlines the key milestones in the development of human society, from the peoples of the Ice Age whose way of life was so vastly different from ours to the citizens of Greece and Rome whom we easily recognize from history books.

The 69 signed entries - including 14 on "major" topics with more in-depth coverage - provide readers with an overview of the various ways in which people lived in the past.Each entry explores a specific topic across the entire world, beginning with an introduction that outlines the major developments in chronological sequence, followed by subsections on the following centers of civilization: Africa, Egypt, the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Greece, Rome, and the Americas. Each entry concludes with a list of "see also" references to related entries, followed by a further reading list of books, articles, and Web sites on the topic. Primary source documents, sidebars, and more than 250 black-and-white photographs and maps supplement the text. A glossary, general bibliography, chronology by region, and comprehensive index make this set an easy-to-use and essential reference for high school and college students, researchers, and general readers alike.

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Peter Bogucki - Encyclopedia of Society and Cultur e in the Ancient World, 4-Volume Set (2007).pdf

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Osprey - Men at Arms 109 - Terence Wise - Ancient Armies of the Middle East (1981).jpg

This text by Terence Wise explores some of the fascinating peoples who comprised the ancient armies of the Middle East: the Sumerians, who were the first to introduce the use of bronze into warfare, and were centuries ahead of the Egyptians in the use of the wheel – The Akkadians, whose citizen army was composed almost entirely of light troops – The Babylonians, whose people were granted land in return for army service – the horned warriors of the Elamites – the Egyptians, with thier heavy spearmen and archers – the tribal and warlike Libyans – Nubians and Ethiopians – Hyksos – the armies of the Hittite Empire – the Sea People and others.

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Edward Keene - Beyond the Anarchical Society, Grot ius, Colonialism and Order in World Politics (2002 ).jpg

"Edward Keene's succinct and cogently argued book merits the attention of intellectual historians, legal scholars, and International Relations theorists." Itinerario

"This is a learned and well-researched book, eloquently presented and persuasive in its tracing of Grotian principles and the various modes of hierarchy employed by the colonial powers. ...well worth the read." The International History Review

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Frederick Madden - The End of Empire, Dependencies Since 1948, Part 1, The West Indies, British Hond uras, Hong Kong, Fiji, Cyprus, Gibraltar, and the Falklands, Select Documents ... Volume VIII (2000).jpg

Historia2 - Frederick Madden - The End of Empire, Dependencies Sin... the Falklands, Select Documents ... Volume VIII 2000.jpg

The eighth volume in Frederick Madden's monumental documentary history of the British Empire, this volume deals with some of the dependencies--the West Indies, British Honduras, Hong Kong, Fiji, Cyprus, Gibraltar and the Falklands--since 1948. Using documentary materials, as in the earlier volumes, the book illustrates the progress toward self-government and independence, including, for instance, the development of communal tensions in Cyprus and the de facto division of the island, and the handing back of Hong Kong to China. The volume also includes Madden's valedictory summary and overview of the evolution of imperial government in the dependencies covered in these volumes, beginning with the Anglo-Norman empire of the 12th century. Along with the earlier volumes, this book provides a valuable resource for researchers interested in British imperialism.

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Frederick Madden - The End of Empire, Dependencies Since 1948, Part 1, The West Indies, British Hond uras, Hong Kong, Fiji, Cyprus, Gibraltar, and the Falklands, Select Documents ... Volume VIII (2000).pdf

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Anthony Serafini - The Epic History of Biology (20 01).jpg

The search for our elusive human origins and an understanding of the mysteries of the human body have challenged the most inquisitive and imaginative thinkers from Egyptian times through the twentieth century. In The Epic History of Biology, Anthony Serafini - a distinguished philosopher and historian of science - regales the reader with the triumphs and failures of the geniuses of the life sciences. The subtleties of the animal kingdom - anatomy, zoology, and reproduction - along with the complexities of the plant kingdom, have fascinated humanity as far back as 5000 years ago. Astounding ancient knowledge of the arcane curing powers of herbs as well as early experimentation with different chemical combinations for such purposes as mummification led to today's biological technology. Innovative pioneers such as Aristotle, Galen, Hippocrates, and Vesalius challenged the limits of knowledge and single-mindedly pursued their work, often in the face of blind superstition. In superb, lyrical prose Serafini recreates the ideas and theories of these revolutionaries from ancient times through today, against the backdrop of the dogma and prejudices of their time. He explores the inspired revelations that gave birth to such discoveries as the controversial theory of evolution, the humble origins of genetics, the fantastic predictions of quantum mechanics, and the infinite promise of computer technology. Even today the biological sciences are undergoing rapid and kaleidoscopic changes. Every new insight gives rise to a myriad of new ethical questions and responsibilities. The Epic History of Biology confronts these issues head on and predicts the wondrous new directions biology will follow.

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Anthony Serafini - The Epic History of Biology (20 01).pdf

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Tom Streissguth - The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of T he Renaissance (2007).jpg

This latest volume in the Greenhaven Encyclopedia of . . . series examines the cultural movement that began in Italy in the fourteenth century and spread throughout Europe over the next several hundred years. Key terms, pivotal events, and biographies of central figures important to understanding the Renaissance are included. Entries are arranged alphabetically and range in length from several paragraphs to two pages. Subject entries encompass broad topics, such as Architecture, Clothing, Education, Humanism, Medicine, and Trade, as well as more narrowly defined entries: events (Fall of Constantinople, Inquisition, Sack of Rome); individual countries and cities (Austria, Rome); and other topics (Jews, Papacy, Plague). The individuals who are covered (among them, numerous women) include artists, rulers, explorers, scientists, and religious figures. The volume begins with a seven-page, detailed overview of the history of the Renaissance and a table of contents. See also references are provided where warranted. Several entries contain black-and-white illustrative material, though not always of the best quality to see specific details. The volume concludes with a comprehensive index, chronology, and “For Further Research” list, which includes some materials published between 1940 and 1970 that may no longer be available for students in their school or local public library. Entries are well written and concise and provide an excellent introduction to each subject for high-school students. Advanced middle-school social-studies classes could also utilize this resource. Though it is by no means the most complete reference work on the Renaissance, high-school and public libraries serving teens who study this popular curriculum topic will still want to purchase a copy to complement other titles

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Bruce D. Clayton - Shotokan's Secret, The Hidden T ruth Behind Karate's Fighting Origins (2004).jpg

Learn how the hard-style karate that became shotokan took shape in 19th century Okinawa as an embattled king with an unarmed force of bodyguards faced an armed invasion from overseas. In this new 328-page book, author Bruce D. Clayton, Ph.D., uses rare sketches, footnoted historical research, archival lithographs, period photographs and contemporary technique demonstrations to reveal shotokan’s deadly intent and propose modern practical applications of such knowledge. Achieve a new level of theoretical understanding and fighting ability by learning Shotokan’s Secret for yourself!

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Bruce D. Clayton - Shotokan's Secret, The Hidden T ruth Behind Karate's Fighting Origins (2004).pdf

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Janet Clarkson - Menus from History, Historic Meal s and Recipes for Every Day of the Year (2009).jpg

Menus from History: Historic Meals and Recipes for Every Day of the Year offers a fascinating exploration of dining history through historic menus from more than 35 countries. Ranging from discussion of a Roman banquet in A.D. 70 to a meal for former South African President Nelson Mandela in the 1990s, the menus offer students and general readers a thoroughly delightful way to learn more about events and the cultures in which they occurred. feasts, soldier grub, shipboard and spaceship meals, and state dinners are just some of the occasions discussed.

Arranged chronologically, each entry covers a day of the year and pres a menu from a significant meal that took place. An entry begins with the name, location, and date of the event, plus a brief explanation of its significance. Next comes the menu, followed by an analysis and, where possible, several recipes from the menu.

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Janet Clarkson - Menus from History, Historic Meal s and Recipes for Every Day of the Year (2009).pdf

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Michael Novacek - Dinosaurs of the Flaming Cliffs (1996).jpg

Over the past six years, Michael Novacek, Dean of Science at the American Museum of Natural History, has led a team of international scientists to Mongolia's Gobi Desert on the greatest dinosaur expedition of the late twentieth century. Closed to the West since the 1920s and opened only to Michael Novacek's team, the remote sands of the Gobi Desert constitute the richest fossil site in the world. In Dinosaurs of the Flaming Cliffs, Novacek takes the reader along with his team as he re-creates the day-to-day drama of field exploration over the last six years and recounts the remarkable discoveries that he and his colleagues unearthed. Following early years of relative disappointment, in 1993 the expedition discovered the richest Cretaceous dinosaur site ever found, excavating fossils that have helped to reshape our understanding of the dinosaur and early mammal era. Interweaving the adventure of field research with chapters that offer in depth discussions on contemporary dinosaur research and science, Dinosaurs of the Flaming Cliffs makes for the best kind of science--an engrossing narrative that brings compellingly to life the thrill and excitement of scientific discovery.

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Michael Novacek - Dinosaurs of the Flaming Cliffs (1996).pdf

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Michael Novacek - Time Traveler, In Search of Dino saurs and Other Fossils from Montana to Mongolia ( 2002).jpg

Michael Novacek, a world-renowned paleontologist who has discovered important fossils on virtually every continent, is an authority on patterns of evolution and on the relationships among extinct and extant organisms. Time Traveler is his captivating account of how his boyhood enthusiasm for dinosaurs became a lifelong commitment to vanguard science. He takes us with him as he discovers fossils in his own backyard in Los Angeles, then goes looking for them in the high Andes, the black volcanic mountains of Yemen, and the incredibly rich fossil badlands of the Gobi desert.
Wherever Novacek goes he searches for still undiscovered evidence of what life was like on Earth millions of years ago. Along the way he has almost drowned, been stung by deadly scorpions, been held at gunpoint by a renegade army, and nearly choked in raging dust storms. Fieldwork is very demanding in a host of unusual, dramatic, sometimes hilarious ways, and Novacek writes of its alluring perils with affection and discernment. But Time Traveler also makes sense of many complex themes - about dinosaur evolution, continental drift, mass extinctions, new methods for understanding ancient environments, and the evolutionary secrets of DNA in fossil organisms. It is also an enthralling adventure story.

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Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

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