In 1834, Lord Melbourne spoke the words that epitomized the British government's attitude towards its own involvement in the arts: "God help the minister that meddles with Art." One hundred years later, however, with the onset of World War II, that attitude changed dramatically when "cultural policy" became a key element of the domestic front . This book traces the evolution of this policy from the creation of the Committee for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts, in 1939, to the drafting of the Arts Council's constitution in 1945. Jörn Weingärtner provides a fascinating account of the powerful policy shift that laid the foundations for the modern relationship between the government and the arts.

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W. Henry Gilbert, Berhane Asfaw - Homo erectus, Pl eistocene Evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia (2009).jpg

Historia2 - W. Henry Gilbert, Berhane Asfaw - Homo erectus, Pleist...istocene Evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia 2009.jpg

This volume, the first in a series devoted to the paleoanthropological resources of the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia, studies Homo erectus, a close relative of Homo sapiens. Written by a team of highly regarded scholars, this book provides the first detailed descriptions, photographs, and analysis of the fossil vertebrates--from elephants and hyenas to humans--from the Daka Member of the Bouri Formation of the Afar, a place renowned for an abundant and lengthy record of human ancestors. These fossils contribute to our understanding human evolution, and the associated fauna provide new information about the distribution and variability of Pleistocene mammals in eastern Africa. The contributors are all active researchers who worked on the paleontology and geology of these unique deposits. Here they have combined their disparate efforts into a single volume, making the original research results accessible to both the specialist and the general reader. The volume synthesizes environmental backdrop and anatomical detail to open an unparalleled window on the African Pleistocene and its inhabitants.

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W. Henry Gilbert, Berhane Asfaw - Homo erectus, Pl eistocene Evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia (2009).pdf

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Sibel Bozdogan - Modernism and Nation Building, Tu rkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic (2003).jpg

Winner of the Alice Davis Hitchcock Award sponsored by the Society of Architectural Historians
With the proclamation of the Turkish republic by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1923, Turkeyís political and intellectual elites attempted to forge from the ruins of the Ottoman Empire a thoroughly modern, secular, European nation-state. Among many other public expressions of this bold social experiment, they imported modern architecture as both a visible symbol and an effective instrument of their modernizing agenda. They abandoned the prevailing Ottoman revivalist style and transformed the entire profession of architecture in Turkey according to the aesthetic canons and rationalist doctrines of European modernism.
In this book, the architectural historian Sibel Bozdogan offers a cultural history of modern Turkish architecture and its impact on European modernism from the Young Turk revolution of 1908 to the end of the Kemalist single-party regime in 1950.
Drawing on official propaganda publications, professional architectural journals, and popular magazines of the day, Bozdogan looks at Turkish architectural culture in its broad political, historical, and ideological context. She shows how modern architecture came to be the primary visual expression of the so-called republican revolution--especially in the case of representative public buildings and in the idealized form of the modern house. She also illustrates Turkish architectsí efforts to legitimize modern forms on rational, scientific grounds and to "nationalize" them by showing their compatibility with Turkish building traditions.
After Ataturkís death in 1938, the initial revolutionary spirit in Turkish architectural culture gave way to nationalist trends in German and Italian architecture and to the inspiration of Central Asian and pre-Islamic Turkish monuments. The resulting departure from the distinct modernist aesthetic of the early 1930s toward a more classicized and monumental architecture representative of state power brought this heroic era of modern Turkish history to a close. Today, when Turkeyís project of modernity is being critically reevaluated from many perspectives, this comprehensive survey of Kemalismís architectural legacy is timely and provocative.

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Sibel Bozdogan - Modernism and Nation Building, Tu rkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic (2003).pdf

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Osprey - Warrior 144 - Piero Crociani - Italian Bl ackshirt 1935-45 (2010).jpg

This book documents the experiences of the Italian armed Fascist militia, the Camicie Nere (Blackshirts), from the Italian–Ethiopian war of 1935–36, through the Spanish Civil War to the end of World War II. It explores their origins, development, recruitment, training, conditions of service, uniforms and equipment, battle experience, political and ideological motivation. The Blackshirt legions were raised under army control from 1928, and were employed in 1933 in Libya in counterinsurgency operations against the Senussi tribes; from 1935 in Italy’s war against Ethiopia; and during the Spanish Civil War. Following the outbreak of World War II, the Blackshirts fought in North Africa, Greece, Croatia, on the Eastern Front and finally in Italy itself following the Allied invasion.

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Dagmar Reese, William Templer - Growing Up Female in Nazi Germany (2006).jpg

The Bund Deutscher Madel was the female section of Hitler Youth. "Growing Up Female in Nazi Germany" examines the way this Nazi organization linked up with the interests of contemporary German girls and young women. Recruiting its members systematically since the end of the 1930s, the BDM encompassed practically all German girls aged ten to fourteen by allowing them latitude for their own development while assigning them responsibilities that gradually integrated them into the National Socialist State. Historian Dagmar Reese illuminates the different experiences of these young women through two case studies: one of the BDM's work in the petty-bourgeois milieu of a Protestant garrison town, and the other immersed in the working-class milieu of Berlin's "red" Wedding neighborhood. "Growing Up Female in Nazi Germany" is the English translation of a major work of German history, one in a list of such works published in Michigan's field-defining series, "Social History, Popular Culture, and Politics in Germany". It will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of German, cultural and gender history, as well as political theory.

About the Author
Dagmar Reese is Moses Mendelssohn Zentrum Potsdam researcher at the DFG-project "Georg Simmels Geschlechtertheorien im 'fin de siecle' Berlin", 2004

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Dagmar Reese, William Templer - Growing Up Female in Nazi Germany (2006).pdf

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Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy - How India Clothed the World, The World of South Asian Textiles, 150 0-1850 (2009).jpg

Historia2 - Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy - How India Clothed the...rld, The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850 2009.jpg

Drawing on new research on textile trade and production in the regions that depended on the Indian Ocean, the book contributes to a new understanding of the role that Indian cloth played in the making of the modern world economy.

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Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy - How India Clothed the World, The World of South Asian Textiles, 150 0-1850 (2009).pdf

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Hugh Kennedy - Mongols, Huns and Vikings. Nomads a t War (2002).jpg

This book is about the Nomad Paradox in the art of warfare. How peoples that have not and state estructure behind them can win and conquer?

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91,5 MB
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Hugh Kennedy - Mongols, Huns and Vikings. Nomads a t War (2002).pdf

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Arts and Humanities through the Eras Vol 1-5 (2005 ).jpg

Over the last two decades the historical focus has shifted from viewing events in a simple historical context to a more integrative perspective. This set offers a multidimensional picture of primarily Western civilization, covering Ancient Egypt (2675-332 B.C.E.), Ancient Greece and Rome (1200 B.C.E.-476 C.E.), Medieval Europe (814-1450 C.E.), Renaissance Europe (1300-1600 C.E.), and The Age of the Baroque and Enlightenment (1600-1800 C.E.). Similar in organization to Gale's American Eras and World Eras lines, the work exposes readers to each historical period through the study of nine different arts and humanities topics: "Architecture and Design," "Dance," "Fashion," "Literature," "Music," "Philosophy," "Religion," "Theater," and "Visual Arts." Each topic area is treated in a different chapter, but the connections between topics are highlighted both in the text and through cross-referencing. The result is a broader and more inclusive picture of the culture of each period, emphasizing connections between, for example, religion, dance, and literature or between the visual arts and architecture.

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Maurice Pope – The Story of Decipherment, From Egy ptian Hieroglyphs to Maya Script (1999).jpg

Speculation about Egyptian hieroglyphs began in the Renaissance; though sometimes fantastic, much of it was fascinating and fruitful. During the next two centuries European travelers in the Near East came home with increasingly accurate copies of the strange inscriptions to be found there. The great age of decipherment dawned in the mid-eighteenth century, at the time of the Enlightenment, with the Abb Barthlemy's solution of the Palmyra script. The author discusses the contributions to the science of decipherment made by theorists and practitioners, examining the intellectual developments that led to their outstanding achievements. He explains the process of decipherment largely from the point of view of the practitioners themselves, but in a way that laypeople can follow. Among the scripts analyzed are the Palmyra script, Sassanid Persian, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Persian cuneiform, Akkadian cuneiform, the Cypriot syllabary, Hittite hieroglyphs, the Ugaritic alphabet, and Mycenaean Linear B. For this revised edition, the text has been brought up to date and a new section added on the decipherment of Maya hieroglyphs.

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Maurice Pope – The Story of Decipherment, From Egy ptian Hieroglyphs to Maya Script (1999).pdf

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Thomas A. Brady Jr. - German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400-1650 (2009).jpg

This book studies the connections between the political reform of the Holy Roman Empire and the German lands around 1500 and the sixteenth-century religious reformations, both Protestant and Catholic. It argues that the character of the political changes (dispersed sovereignty, local autonomy) prevented both a general reformation of the Church before 1520 and a national reformation thereafter. The resulting settlement maintained the public peace through politically structured religious communities (confessions), thereby avoiding further religious strife and fixing the confessions into the Empire's constitution. The Germans' emergence into the modern era as a people having two national religions was the reformation's principal legacy to modern Germany.

• Presents politics and religion as two inseparable, but not identical forces that shaped post-medieval German-speaking lands • Presents a new narrative through one of the most important events of German history, the splitting of the western Christian Church • Rests on a broad mastery of local and regional histories, which it unites through similarities rather than by resorting to an assumption of national destiny

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Thomas A. Brady Jr. - German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400-1650 (2009).pdf

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Christine MacLeod - Inventing the Industrial Revol ution, The English Patent System, 1660-1800 (1988).jpg

This book examines the development of the English patent system and its relationship with technical change during the period between 1660 and 1800, when the patent system evolved from an instrument of royal patronage into one of commercial competition among the inventors and manufacturers of the Industrial Revolution. It analyses the legal and political framework within which patenting took place and gives an account of the motivations and fortunes of patentees, who obtained patents for a variety of purposes beyond the simple protection of an invention. It includes the first in-depth attempt to gauge the reliability of the patent statistics as a measure of inventive activity and technical change in the early part of the Industrial Revolution, and suggests that the distribution of patents is a better guide to the advance of capitalism than to the centres of inventive activity. It also queries the common assumption that the chief goal of inventors was to save labour, and examines contemporary criticism of the patent system in the light of the changing conceptualisation of invention among natural scientists and political economists.

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Christine MacLeod - Inventing the Industrial Revol ution, The English Patent System, 1660-1800 (1988).pdf

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James Conniff - The Useful Cobbler, Edmund Burke a nd the Politics of Progress (1994).jpg

Edmund Burke (ur. 12 stycznia 1729, zm. 9 lipca 1797) – irlandzki filozof i polityk, twórca nowoczesnego konserwatyzmu, krytyk rewolucji francuskiej.

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James Conniff - The Useful Cobbler, Edmund Burke a nd the Politics of Progress (1994).pdf

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D.W. Hayton - Ruling Ireland, 1685-1742, Politics, Politicians and Parties (2004).jpg

In a series of studies, David Hayton offers a comprehensive account of the government of Ireland during the period of transformation from 'New English' colonialism to Anglo-Irish 'patriotism', providing a chronological survey of the development of English policy towards Ireland and an account of the changing political structure of Ireland; particular attention is paid to the emergence of an English-style party system under Queen Anne. The Anglo-Irish dimension is also explored, through crises of high politics, and through an examination of the role played by Irish issues at Westminster. In his introduction Professor Hayton provides historical perspective, and establishes Irish political developments firmly in their British context. Professor D.W. HAYTON is Reader in Modern History at Queen's University, Belfast.

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D.W. Hayton - Ruling Ireland, 1685-1742, Politics, Politicians and Parties (2004).pdf

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Ross McKibbin - Parties and People, England, 1914- 1951 (2010).jpg

The "sequel" to his best-selling Classes and Cultures, Ross McKibbin's latest book is a powerful reinterpretation of British politics in the first decades of universal suffrage. What did it mean to be a "democratic society?" To what extent did voters make up their own minds on politics or allow elites to do it for them?

Exploring the political culture of these extraordinary years, Parties and People shows that class became one of the principal determinants of political behaviour, although its influence was often surprisingly weak.

McKibbin argues that the kind of democracy that emerged in Britain was far from inevitable-as much historical accident as design-and was in many ways highly flawed.

About the Author
Ross McKibbin is Emeritus Research Fellow at St John's College, Oxford.

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Ross McKibbin - Parties and People, England, 1914- 1951 (2010).pdf

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John Guy - The Tudors, A Very Short Introduction ( 2000).jpg

First published as part of the best-selling The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, John Guy's Very Short Introduction to The Tudors is the most authoritative short introduction to this age in British history. It offers a compelling account of the political, religious and economic changes of the country under such leading monarchs as Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The work has been substantially revised and updated for this edition. In particular, the reigns of Henry VII, Edward VI, and Philip and Mary are comprehensively reassessed.

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Susan Vandiver Nicassio - Imperial City, Rome unde r Napoleon (2009).jpg

In 1798, the armies of the French Revolution tried to transform Rome from the capital of the Papal States to a Jacobin Republic. For the next two decades, Rome was the subject of power struggles between the forces of the Empire and the Papacy, while Romans endured the unsuccessful efforts of Napoleon’s best and brightest to pull the ancient city into the modern world. Against this historical backdrop, Nicassio weaves together an absorbing social, cultural, and political history of Rome and its people. Based on primary sources and incorporating two centuries of Italian, French, and international research, her work reveals what life was like for Romans in the age of Napoleon.

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Irene J. Winter - On Art in the Ancient Near East, Volume 1, Of the First Millennium BCE (2009).jpg

This volume of Collected Essays brings together for the first time the range of Winter's pioneering studies related to Neo-Assyrian relief sculpture and seals, Phoeician and Syrian ivory and bronze production, and inter-polity connections across the various cultures of first millennium B.C.E. from the Aegean to Iran. Consistent threads are an emphasis on the potential for art historical analysis to yield 'history' in the broadest sense; the importance of making the theoretical frame of interpretation explicit; and the necessity of textual evidence being brought to bear on upon elements of formal analysis and archaeological context.

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Irene J. Winter - On Art in the Ancient Near East, Volume 1, Of the First Millennium BCE (2009).pdf

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