Over a period of 250 years Portuguese became the global language of maritime trade, and Iberian silver circulated as a world trading currency. A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400-1668 provides an accessible survey of how the Portuguese became so influential during this period and how Portuguese settlements were founded in areas as far flung as Asia, Africa and South America. Malyn Newitt examines how the ideas and institutions of a late medieval society were deployed to aid expansion into Africa and the Atlantic islands as well as how, through rivalry with Castile, this grew into a world wide commercial enterprise. Finally, he considers how resilient the Portuguese overseas communities were surviving wars and natural disasters and fending off attacks by the more heavily armed English and Dutch invaders until well into the 1600s.
Including a detailed Bibliography and Glossary, A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400-1668 is an invaluabletextbook for all those studying this fascinating period of expansion by all the European powers.

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Malyn Newitt - A History of Portugese Overseas Exp ansion 1400-1668 (2004).pdf

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Chris Ealham - Class, Culture and Conflict in Barc elona, 1898-1937 )2004).jpg

This is a study of social protest and repression in one of the twentieth century's most important revolutionary hotspots. It explains why Barcelona became the undisputed capital of the European anarchist movement and explores the sources of anarchist power in the city. It also places Barcelona at the center of Spain's economic, social, cultural and political life during 1898-1937. During this period, a range of social groups, movements and institutions competed with one another the impose their own political and urban project on the city: the central authorities struggled to retain control of Spain's most unruly; nationalist groups hoped to create the capital of Catalonia; local industrialists attempted to erect a modern industrial city; the urban middle classes planned to democratize the city; and meanwhile, the anarchists sought to liberate the city's workers from oppression and exploration. This resulted in an myriad of frequently violent conflicts for control of the city, both before and during the civil war. This is a work of seminal importance in the field of contemporary Spanish history, and fills a significant gap in current literature.

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Chris Ealham - Class, Culture and Conflict in Barc elona, 1898-1937 )2004).pdf

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John Gillingham - Coal, Steel, and the Rebirth of Europe, 1945-1955, The Germans and French from Ruh r Conflict to Economic Community (1991).jpg

Historia2 - John Gillingham - Coal, Steel, and the Rebirth of Euro...d French from Ruhr Conflict to Economic Community 1991.jpg

This is the first large-scale historical investigation of the critical first stage of European integration, the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). John Gillingham discusses the thirty year Franco-German struggle for heavy industry mastery in Western Europe, describes the dreams and schemes of Jean Monnet, who designed the heavy industry pool, reveals the American vision that inspired his work, and discloses how his transatlantic partners used their great authority to assure its completion. Gillingham also lays bare the operating mechanisms of the coal-steel pool, showing that contrary to the hopes of Monnet and his supporters, the ECSC restored rather than reformed the European economy, leaving as a legacy not a detrustified industry, but one still dominated by the giant producers of the Ruhr.

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John Gillingham - Coal, Steel, and the Rebirth of Europe, 1945-1955, The Germans and French from Ruh r Conflict to Economic Community (1991).pdf

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Boubacar Barry - Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade (1997).jpg

This authoritative study of 400 years of Senegambian history is unrivaled in its detailed grasp of published and unpublished materials. Taking as his subject the vast area covering the Senegal and Gambia river basins, Boubacar Barry explores the changing dynamics of regional trade, clashes between African and Muslim authorities, the colonial system and the slave trade. This newly-translated book is a vital tool in our understanding of West African history.
Written by one of the leading figures in the study of West African history • A synthesis of a huge range of published and unpublished material • Argues cogently for the region of Senegambia as a coherent historical entity

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Boubacar Barry - Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade (1997).pdf

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Greg Kennedy - British Maritime Strategy East of S uez, 1900-2000, Influence and Actions (2003).jpg

The use of the sea as a means of projecting power and influence beyond national borders holds a unique place in the history of Great Britain. Directly linked to the concepts of empire, great power and strategic over-stretch, Britain's strategic position east of Suez in the twentieth century was a dominant area of interest and had an enormous impact in the overall construction of Great Britain's naval strategic posture. While not the scene of famous battles, such as Jutland, Taranto or the Battle of the Atlantic, which are easily connected to Britain's overall strategic position, Britain's global naval position was in fact predominantly formed by Far Eastern strategic influences from 1900 to 1945. After that, even in the face of the Cold War and emphasis on planning for a third European war, strategic influences east of Suez continued to play a major role in the creation of Britain's naval force structure and in its global strategic foreign policy formulation process. This collection of essays by a panel of established international scholars sheds new light on what some of those influences were and what actions were taken as a result of Britain's Far Eastern commitments. Not only are new evidence and approaches to those issues addressed presented, but new avenues for further research clearly outlined. The essays are based predominantly on primary research and archival evidence. The individual scholars provide cutting-edge research on this timely and important topic. British Naval Strategy East of Suez, 1900-2000 is a significant addition to the literature on Britain's strategic maritime position, and will be of interest to naval historians, as well as students of international relations and British foreign policy.

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Greg Kennedy - British Maritime Strategy East of S uez, 1900-2000, Influence and Actions (2003).pdf

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G. Treasure - The Making of Modern Europe, 1648-17 80 (2003).jpg

n 1640 the term Europe was without real political significance. In the following years the idea of Europe came to mean much more. The Making of Modern Europe, 1648-1780 tells the story of this fascinating period. Throughout, the central theme is the growth of the state, from the disorderly aftermath of the Thirty Years War to the end of the ancien regime. Geoffrey Treasure provides an excellent introduction to seventeenth and eighteenth century history.

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G. Treasure - The Making of Modern Europe, 1648-17 80 (2003).pdf

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Patricia Ebrey - Women and the Family in Chinese H istory (2002).jpg

This is a collection of essays by one of the leading scholars of Chinese history, Patricia Ebrey. In the essays she has selected for this fascinating volume, Professor Ebrey explores features of the Chinese family, gender and kinship systems as practices and ideas intimately connected to history and therefore subject to change over time. The essays cover topics ranging from dowries and the sale of women into forced concubinary, to the excesses of the imperial harem, excruciating pain of footbinding, and Confucian ideas of womanly virtue. Patricia Ebrey places these sociological analyses of women within the family in an historical context, analysing the development of the wider kinship system. Her work provides an overview of the early modern period, with a specific focus on the Song period (920-1276), a time of marked social and cultural change, and considered to be the beginning of the modern period in Chinese history.
With its wide-ranging examination of issues relating to women and the family, this book will be essential reading to scholars of Chinese history and gender studies.

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Patricia Ebrey - Women and the Family in Chinese H istory (2002).pdf

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S. Cronin - The Making of Modern Iran, State and Society under Riza Shah, 1921-1941 (2003).jpg

This collection of essays, by a distinguished group of specialists, offers a new and exciting interpretation of Riza Shah's Iran. A period of key importance, the years between 1921-1941 have, until now, remained relatively neglected. Recently, however, there has been a marked revival of interest in the history of these two decades and this collection brings together some of the best of this recent new scholarship.

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S. Cronin - The Making of Modern Iran, State and Society under Riza Shah, 1921-1941 (2003).pdf

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Naguib Kanawati - Conspiracies in the Egyptian Pal ace, Unis to Pepy I (2002).jpg

This original study examines the claims for sensational intrigues in the 6th century Egyptian palace, culminating in the possible assassination of King Teti by his own bodyguards. New evidence from the author's recent excavations is set against the written claims of the ancient historian Manetho. This offers the reader a unique opportunity to compare archaeological and historical evidence, and sheds new light on the political conspiracies and quarrels of the age. With over 80 illustrations, and clear presentation of the dynastic tomb excavations, the book also gives a rare and accessible insight into Old Kingdom society and administration under the kings Unis, Teti and Pepy I. It will be valuable to all students of Egyptian history.

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Naguib Kanawati - Conspiracies in the Egyptian Pal ace, Unis to Pepy I (2002).pdf

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Barbara Yorke - Wessex (1995).jpg

Wessex is central to the study of early medieval English history; it was the dynasty which created the kingdom of England. This volume uses archaeological and place-name evidence to present an authoritative account of the most significant of the English Kingdoms.

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Barbara Yorke - Wessex (1995).pdf

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Jenny Macleod - Gallipoli, Making History (2004).jpg

How does the history of any given event come to be written in a certain way? A story can be told from many points of view. The significance that the event is deemed to hold may vary. Subsequent events will throw new light and alter its significance for some. Thus radically different versions of an event compete for attention. Often one particular version holds the field drowning out its rivals. This intellectual hegemony need have no relation to the accuracy of that version of history and alternative, equally valid versions can sink without trace. The Gallipoli campaign of 1915 serves as an excellent case study through which this process of 'making history' can be observed. This book traces the disparities in the memory of Gallipoli that are evident in the countries that participated in the campaign. It explores the way in which history is written at the personal, the local, the professional, and the national level. Among the case studies are Martin Gilbert on Churchill, KeithJeffery on Gallipoli & Ireland, Feroze Yasamee on the Turkish perspective, and David Dutton on the French view of a campaign in which they were more heavily involved than the Australians. Christopher Pugsley uncovers the reality behind the myths of Anzac, and Keith Grieves writes on the local commemoration of the campaign in Sussex. Other chapters consider the writing of unit histories, the professional study of the campaign in the development of amphibious warfare, the romance of the British cultural history of Gallipoli, and the shifts that are evident in the portrayal of Anzacs in Australian cinema.

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Arthur Jacobson, Bernhard Schlink - Weimar, A Juri sprudence of Crisis (2001).jpg

This selection of the major works of constitutional theory during the Weimar period reflects the reactions of legal scholars to a state in permanent crisis, a society in which all bets were off. Yet the Weimar Republic's brief experiment in constitutionalism laid the groundwork for the postwar Federal Republic, and today its lessons can be of use to states throughout the world. Weimar legal theory is a key to understanding the experience of nations turning from traditional, religious, or command-and-control forms of legitimation to the rule of law. Only two of these authors, Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt, have been published to any extent in English, but they and the others whose writings are translated here played key roles in the political and constitutional struggles of the Weimar Republic. Critical introductions to all the theorists and commentaries on their works have been provided by experts from Austria, Canada, Germany, and the United States. In their general introduction, the editors place the Weimar debate in the context of the history and politics of the Weimar Republic and the struggle for constitutionalism in Germany. This critical scrutiny of the Weimar jurisprudence of crisis offers an invaluable overview of the perils and promise of constitutional development in states that lack an entrenched tradition of constitutionalism.

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Arthur Jacobson, Bernhard Schlink - Weimar, A Juri sprudence of Crisis (2001).pdf

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Patrizia Palumbo - A Place in the Sun, Africa in I talian Colonial Culture from Post-Unification to t he Present (2003).jpg

Historia2 - Patrizia Palumbo - A Place in the Sun, Africa in Itali...nial Culture from Post-Unification to the Present 2003.jpg

Given the centrality of Africa to Italy's national identity, a thorough study of Italian colonial history and culture has been long overdue. Two important developments, the growth of postcolonial studies and the controversy surrounding immigration from Africa to the Italian peninsula, have made it clear that the discussion of Italy's colonial past is essential to any understanding of the history and construction of the nation. This collection, the first to gather articles by the most-respected scholars in Italian colonial studies, highlights the ways in which colonial discourse has pervaded Italian culture from the post-unification period to the present. During the Risorgimento, Africa was invoked as a limb of a proudly resuscitated Imperial Rome. During the Fascist era, imperialistic politics were crucial in shaping both domestic and international perceptions of the Italian nation. These contributors offer compelling essays on decolonization, exoticism, fascist and liberal politics, anthropology, and historiography, not to mention popular literature, feminist studies, cinema, and children's literature. Because the Italian colonial past has had huge repercussions, not only in Italy and in the former colonies but also in other countries not directly involved, scholars in many areas will welcome this broad and insightful panorama of Italian colonial culture.

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Patrizia Palumbo - A Place in the Sun, Africa in I talian Colonial Culture from Post-Unification to t he Present (2003).pdf

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Chris Gerrard - Medieval Archaeology, Understandin g Traditions and Contemporary Approaches (2002).jpg

The archaeology of the later Middle Ages is a comparatively new field of study in Britain. At a time when archaeoloy generally is experiencing a surge of popularity, our understanding of medieval settlement, artefacts, environment, buildings and landscapes has been revolutionised. Medieval archaeology is now taught widely throughout Europe and has secured a place in higer education's teaching across many disciplines. In this book Gerrard examines the long and rich intellectual heritage of later medieval archaeology in England, Scotland and Wales and summarises its current position. Written in three parts, the author first discusses the origins of antiquarian, Victorian and later studies and explores the pervasive influence of the Romantic Movement and the Gothic Revival. The ideas and achievements of the 1930s are singled out as a springboard for later methodological and conceptual developments. Part II examines the emergence of medieval archaeology as a more coherent academic subject in the post-war years, appraising major projects and explaining the impact of processual archaeology and the rescue movement in the period up to the mid-1980s. Finally the book shows the extent to which the philosophies of preservation and post-processual theoretical advances have begun to make themselves felt. Recent developments in key areas such as finds, settlements and buildings are all considered as well as practice, funding and institutional roles. Medieval Archaeology is a crucial work for students of medieval archaeology to read and will be of interest to archaeologists, historians and all who study or visit the monuments of the Middle Ages.

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Deborah Cohen - The War Come Home, Disabled Vetera ns in Britain and Germany, 1914-1939 (2001).jpg

Disabled veterans were the First World War's most conspicuous legacy. Nearly eight million men in Europe returned from the First World War permanently disabled by injury or disease. In The War Come Home, Deborah Cohen offers a comparative analysis of the very different ways in which two belligerent nations--Germany and Britain--cared for their disabled. At the heart of this book is an apparent paradox. Although postwar Germany provided its disabled veterans with generous benefits, they came to despise the state that favored them. Disabled men proved susceptible to the Nazi cause. By contrast, British ex-servicemen remained loyal subjects, though they received only meager material compensation. Cohen explores the meaning of this paradox by focusing on the interplay between state agencies and private philanthropies on one hand, and the evolving relationship between disabled men and the general public on the other.
Written with verve and compassion, The War Come Home describes in affecting detail disabled veterans' lives and their treatment at the hands of government agencies and private charities in Britain and Germany. Cohen's study moves from the intimate confines of veterans' homes to the offices of high-level bureaucrats; she tells of veterans' protests, of disabled men's families, and of the well-heeled philanthropists who made a cause of the war's victims. This superbly researched book provides an important new perspective on the ways in which states and societies confront the consequences of industrialized warfare.

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Deborah Cohen - The War Come Home, Disabled Vetera ns in Britain and Germany, 1914-1939 (2001) [PDF].rar

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Michael Rice - The Archaeology of the Arabian Gulf (1994).jpg

The world's first great cities, built in the fertile lands of Mesopotamia, grew rich on trade. The great rivers which flowed down into the Gulf were navigable up to Babylon and beyond, into Syria. Ships carried goods from these cities to present-day Pakistan and probably to Egypt, thousands of miles away. But it is only in recent years that the extraordinary archaeological remains in the Gulf region have been revealed. The Archaeology of the Arabian Gulf provides the first comprehensive, accessible and up-to-date review of recent archaeological work in the area, which now comprises Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Emirates and northern Oman. Through a detailed examination of the Gulf's archaeology Michael Rice reveals the extraordinary nature of the region's past. He shows that the Gulf has been a major channel of commerce for millenia, a tradition which continues to the present. No similarly wide-ranging book is currently available which deals with the antiquity of this area. It will be of great interest to the general reader who seeks to read of the past of the last unknown region of the ancient world.

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