This set presents Europe's major historical events between 1914 and 2005 and explores the political, military, social, cultural, and technological transformations of this period. Additionally, the encyclopedia examines Europe's global influence and European unification. Edited by two professors of history at Yale University, it is the companion to Europe 1789 to 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire (2006).

The scope of the encyclopedia is extensive. It contains 920 alphabetically arranged articles, beginning with Abortionand ending with Zyklon B.Entries range in length from approximately one to seven pages. Articles are signed and include cross-references. A bibliography concludes each entry. Contributors are primarily academics from Europe and North America. As demonstrated by the "Systematic Outline of Contents," found in volume 5, entries fall under 15 broad categories, including "Concepts and Ideas," "Law, Justice, and Crime," "Philosophy and Intellectual Life," and "Places." A significant portion of the encyclopedia is dedicated to topics related to war and international relations (Cold war, European Union, World War I, World War II); political history (Russian Revolution of 1917); and economic history (Capitalism). The work also contains biographies of major historical figures primarily in the areas of art and culture (Orwell, George) and political history (Gorbachev, Mikhail).

In addition to the main text, the encyclopedia contains other useful features. For example, volume 1 opens with a seven-page introductory essay that provides a snapshot of Europe's post-1914 history. Volume_1 also contains a chronology of important events arranged both by year and by topic (for example, "Literature and the Arts," "War and Armed Conflict"). In addition, each of the five volumes contains a set of nine maps, including ones depicting the "Versailles Settlement," "The Gulag at Its Zenith," and "Post-1945 Europe." The text is complemented by black-and-white illustrations. Additionally, an eight-page section of color plates with a particular theme (for example, "Popular Culture," "Soviet Union and Communism") is contained in each volume. Finally, volume 5 has a detailed index, which facilitates access to the main text.

Engaging and highly readable, the encyclopedia should appeal to general readers and students and scholars of European history. It is recommended for academic and large public libraries. Michelle Hendley

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Allyson M. Poska - Women and Authority in Early Mo dern Spain (2006).jpg

While scholars have marvelled at how accused witches, mystical nuns, and aristocratic women understood and used their wealth, power, and authority to manipulate both men and institutions, most early modern women were not privileged by money or supernatural contacts. They led the routine and often difficult lives of peasant women and wives of soldiers and tradesmen. However, a lack of connections to the typical sources of authority did not mean that the majority of early modern women were completely disempowered.

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Allyson M. Poska - Women and Authority in Early Mo dern Spain (2006).pdf

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Rick Wartzman - Obscene in the Extreme (2008).jpg

During May of 1939, as the Nazis were burning books throughout Germany, the people of Bakersfield Calif., did exactly the same thing with John Steinbeck's new bestseller, The Grapes of Wrath. As Wartzman (The King of California) shows in this intriguing account, the banning of Steinbeck's masterpiece throughout California's Kern County was orchestrated by rich local growers: men who were busy exploiting scores of Joad families, the very men Steinbeck exposed in his novel. As a pretext, the growers cited, among other things, Steinbeck's use of foul language (bastard, bitch) and vivid scenes such as Rose of Sharon, having lost her baby, offering her milk-filled breast to a starving man.

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Rick Wartzman - Obscene in the Extreme (2008).pdf

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Greg Eghigian, Matthew Berg - Sacrifice and Nation al Belonging in Twentieth-Century Germany (2002).jpg

Over the course of the twentieth century, Germans from virtually all walks of life were touched by two problems: forging a sense of national community and coming to terms with widespread suffering. Arguably no country in the modern Western world has been so closely associated with both inflicting and overcoming catastrophic misery in the name of national belonging.

Within this context, the concept and ideal of "sacrifice" have played a pivotal role in recent German political culture. As the seven studies in this volume show, once the value of heroic national sacrifice was invoked during World War I to mobilize German soldiers and civilians, it proved to be a remarkably effective way to respond to a wide variety of social dislocations.

How did the ideals of sacrifice play a role in constructing German nationalism? How did the Nazis use this idea to justify mass killing? What consequences did this have for postwar Germany? This volume opens up discussions about the history of twentieth-century German political life.

Greg Eghigian is Associate Professor of Modern European History at Pennsylvania State University. His Ph.D. is from the University of Chicago. He is the author of Making Security Social: Disability, Insurance, and the Birth of the Social Entitlement State in Germany.Matthew Berg holds a Ph.D in Modern European History from the University of Chicago. He is Associate Professor of History and Coordinator of Modern European Studies at John Carroll University.

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Greg Eghigian, Matthew Berg - Sacrifice and Nation al Belonging in Twentieth-Century Germany (2002).pdf

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Susan Scott, Christopher J. Duncan - Biology of Pl agues, Evidence from Historical Populations (2001).jpg

The threat of unstoppable plagues, such as AIDS and Ebola, is always with us. In Europe, the most devastating plagues were those from the Black Death pandemic in the 1300s to the Great Plague of London in 1665. For the past 100 years it has been accepted that Yersinia pestis, the infective agent of bubonic plague, was responsible for these epidemics. This book combines modern concepts of epidemiology and molecular biology with computer-modeling. Applying these concepts to the analysis of historical epidemics, the authors show that they were not, in fact, outbreaks of bubonic plague. Biology of Plagues offers a completely new interdisciplinary interpretation of the plagues of Europe, and establishes them within a geographical, historical, and demographic framework. This fascinating detective work will be of interest to readers in the social and biological sciences, and lessons learned will underline the implications of historical plagues for modern-day epidemiology.

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Susan Scott, Christopher J. Duncan - Biology of Pl agues, Evidence from Historical Populations (2001) [PDF].rar

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Spencer C. Tucker - Battles that Changed History, An Encyclopedia of World Conflict (2010).jpg

The mythic and doomed stand of the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae; the siege of Carthage in 149-146 BCE, which ended with Rome destroying the city and enslaving the entire remaining Carthaginian population; the Battle of Hastings in 1066, arguably the most important battle ever on English soil; the Battle of Trenton that saved the American Revolutionary cause and established the military reputation of General Washington; the firebombing of Tokyo on the night of March 9-10, 1945, that destroyed one quarter of the city.

All of these conflicts—and hundreds more—played a crucial role in defining the direction of history and the evolution of human society. This text provides high school-level readers with detailed descriptions of the battlefield actions that have played the greatest parts in shaping military history and human existence. Special attention is paid to the greater historical context and significance of each battle, especially in relation to other events.

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Spencer C. Tucker - Battles that Changed History, An Encyclopedia of World Conflict (2010).pdf

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Philip J. Haythornthwaite - Soldiers Fotofax, Worl d War One, 1915 (1989).jpg

Philip J. Haythornthwaite (born 1951) is a military historian and author, with a particular interest in the Napoleonic Wars. He has written over 40 books.

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Philip J. Haythornthwaite - Soldiers Fotofax, Worl d War One, 1915 (1989).pdf

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Keith Aspley - Historical Dictionary of Surrealism (2010).jpg

Surrealism was a broad movement, which attracted many adherents. It was organized and quite strictly disciplined, at least until the death of its leader, AndrZ Breton, in 1966. As a consequence, its membership was in a constant state of flux: persons were constantly being admitted and excluded, and often the latter continued to regard themselves as Surrealists. The wide-ranging nature of the Surrealist movement was spread over many countries and many different art forms, including painting, sculpture, cinema, photography, music, theater, and literature, most notably poetry. The Historical Dictionary of Surrealism relates the history of this movement through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 600 cross-referenced dictionary entries on persons, circles, and groups who participated in the movement; a global entry on some of the journals and reviews they produced; and a sampling of major works of art, cinema, and literature.

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Keith Aspley - Historical Dictionary of Surrealism (2010).pdf

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Francis E. McMurtrie - The World's Warships 1941 ( 1941).jpg

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Francis E. McMurtrie - The World's Warships 1941 ( 1941).pdf

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Miranda Green - Animals in Celtic Life and Myth (1 993).jpg

Animals in Celtic Life and Myth examines the intimate relationship between humans and animals in a society in which animals were central to all aspects of life. Miranda Green refers to a variety of early Celtic documents, as well as archaeological and iconographical evidence to argue that the Celts believed many animals to be sacred, either possessing divine status or acting as mediators between gods and humans. She covers the crucial role of animals in the Celtic economy; in hunting and welfare; in Celtic art and literature; in religion and ritual. The book covers the important period between 8 BC and AD 1, during which much of Europe, ranging from Ireland to Czechoslovakia, was turning to Christianity.

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Miranda Green - Animals in Celtic Life and Myth (1 993).pdf

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Tony Jaques - Dictionary of Battles and Siegies, A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-ﬁrst Century (2007).jpeg

Historia21 - Tony Jaques - Dictionary of Battles and Siegies, A Gu...s from Antiquity through the Twenty-rst Century 2007.jpeg

Over 8,500 battles and sieges are covered-easily the most exhaustive reference source on this basic aspect of military history. Thoroughly vetted by an expert board of period and regional experts, this dictionary offers easy to find A-Z entries that cover conflicts from practically every era and place of human history. In addition to exhaustive coverage of World War II, World War I, the American Civil War, medieval wars, and conflicts during the classical era, this dictionary covers battles fought in pre-modern Africa, the Middle East, Ancient and Medieval India, China, and Japan, and early meso-American warfare as well. Going well beyond the typical greatest or most influential battle format, The Dictionary of Battles and Sieges offers readers information they would be hard-pressed to find anywhere else. Entries were reviewed by area and period experts to ensure accuracy and to provide the broadest coverage possible. Jaques's Dictionary is truly global in scope, covering East Asia, South Asia, Eurasia, Europe, Africa, Mesoamerica, and North and South America. Battles from wars great and small are in the dictionary, including battles from this very brief sampling of wars covered, listed to give an idea of the book's deep coverage: Egyptian-Syrian Wars (1468 BC); the Assyrian Wars (724 - 648 BC); Greco-Persian Wars (498 - 450 BC); the Conquests of Alexander the Great (335-326 BC); Rome's Gallic Wars (121-52 BC); Han Imperial Wars (208); Hun-Ostrogoth Wars (454-68); Sino-Vietnamese Wars (547-605); Mecca-Medina War (624-30); Jinshin War (672); Berber Rebellion (740-61); Viking Raids on, and in, Britain (793-954); Sino-Annamese War (938); Byzantine Military Rebellions (978-89); Afghan Wars of Succession (998-1041); Russian Dynastic Wars (1016-94); Reconquista (1063-1492); Crusader-Muslim Wars (1100- 1179); Swedish Wars of Succession (1160-1210); Conquests of Genghis Khan (1202-27); William Wallace Revolt (1297-1304); Hundred Years War (1337-1453); War of Chioggia (1378-80); Vijayanagar-Bahmani Wars (1367-1406); Ottoman Civil Wars (1413-81); Mongol-Uzbek Wars (1497-1512); German Knights' War (1523); Burmese-Laotian Wars (1574); Cambodian-Spanish War (1599); King Philip's War (1675-77); Franco-Barbary Wars (1728); Bengal War (1763-65); French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1801); Chilean War of Independence (1813-26); Boer-Zulu War (1838); Indian Mutiny (1858-59); Mexican-French War (1862-67); Sino-Japanese War (1894-95); World War I (1914-18); Anhwei-Chihli War (1920); World War II (1939-45) Mau Mau Revolt (1955); 2nd Indo-Pakistani War (1965); Angolan War (1987-88); 2nd Gulf War (2003- ).

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Tony Jaques - Dictionary of Battles and Siegies, A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-ﬁrst Century (2007).pdf

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Stephen Czerkas, Sylvia Czerkas - My Life with th e Dinosaurs (1989).jpg

In this fourth book in the "my life" series, paleontologists Stephen and Sylvia Czerkas tell about their experiences excavating and re-creating lifelike dinosaur sculptures.

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Stephen Czerkas, Sylvia Czerkas - My Life with th e Dinosaurs (1989).pdf

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Fred T. Jane - Warships at a Glance, Silhouettes o f the World's Fighting Ships (1914).jpg

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Fred T. Jane - Warships at a Glance, Silhouettes o f the World's Fighting Ships (1914).pdf

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Sarah C. Wolfe - Naval Edged Weapons in the Age of Fighting Sail 1775-1865 (2005).jpg

This book surveys in full detail all weapons used in the Royal Navy and the new naval service of the United States. It concentrates on development from the American Revolution to the end of the Civil War, the apogee and decline of fighting sail, revealing how British weapons were initially a major source of inspiration for the American navy, an influence which eventually declined as the United States developed its own arms industry. Using surviving examples, artifacts recovered by archeology, and documentary sources, the book devotes individual chapters to shipboard axes, pikes and other pole-arms, and both officers' and enlisted men's swords and cutlasses. It also looks at the decoration of swords and the significance of the motifs used, concluding with a section on the process of manufacturing and the organizations involved.

About the Author
Sarah C. Wolfe is a curator for a U.S. military museum. This, her first book, is based on research work at East Carolina University.

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Sarah C. Wolfe - Naval Edged Weapons in the Age of Fighting Sail 1775-1865 (2005).pdf

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Diarmaid MacCulloch - A Reformation, Europe's Hous e Divided, 1490-1700 (2004).jpg

Diarmaid MacCulloch wrote what is widely considered to be the authoritative account of the Reformation—a critical juncture in the history of Christianity. "It is impossible to understand modern Europe without understanding these sixteenth-century upheavals in Latin Christianity," he writes. "They represented the greatest fault line to appear in Christian culture since the Latin and Greek halves of the Roman Empire went their separate ways a thousand years before; they produced a house divided." The resulting split between the Catholics and Protestants still divides Christians throughout the Western world. It affects interpretations of the Bible, beliefs about baptisms, and event how much authority is given to religious leaders. The division even fuels an ongoing war. What makes MacCulloch's account rise above previous attempts to interpret the Reformation is the breadth of his research. Rather than limit his narrative to the actions of key theologians and leaders of the era—Luther, Zingli, Calvin, Loyola, Cranmer, Henry VIII and numerous popes—MacCulloch sweeps his narrative across the culture, politics and lay people of Renaissance Western Europe. This broad brush approach touches upon many fascinating discussions surrounding the Reformation, including his belief that the Latin Church was probably not as "corrupt and ineffective" as Protestants tend to portray it. In fact, he asserts that it "generally satisfied the spiritual needs of the late medieval people." As a historical document, this 750-page narrative has all the key ingredients. MacCulloch, a professor of history as the Church of Oxford University, is an articulate and vibrant writer with a strong guiding intelligence. The structure is sensible—starting with the main characters who influenced reforms, then spreading out to the regional concerns, and social intellectual themes of the era. He even fast forwards into American Christianity—showing how this historical era influences modern times. MacCulloch is a topnotch historian—uncovering material and theories that will seem fresh and inspired to Reformation scholars as well as lay readers.

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Peter Guillery - Built from Below, British Archite cture and the Vernacular (2010).jpg

This book extends the concept of British vernacular architecture beyond its traditional base of pre-modern domestic and industrial architecture to embrace other buildings such as places of worship, villas, hospitals, suburban semis and post-war mass housing. Engaging with wider issues of social and cultural history, this book is of use to anyone with an interest in architectural history.

Presented in an essentially chronological sequence, from the medieval to the post-war, diverse fresh viewpoints in the chapters of this book reinforce understanding of how building design emerges not just from individual agency, that is architects, but also from the collective traditions of society.

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Peter Guillery - Built from Below, British Archite cture and the Vernacular (2010).pdf

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