In 1950, the U.S. military budget more than tripled while plans for a national health care system and other new social welfare programs disappeared from the agenda. At the same time, the official campaign against the influence of radicals in American life reached new heights. Benjamin Fordham suggests that these domestic and foreign policy outcomes are closely related. The Truman administration's efforts to fund its ambitious and expensive foreign policy required it to sacrifice much of its domestic agenda and acquiesce to conservative demands for a campaign against radicals in the labor movement and elsewhere.
Using a statistical analysis of the economic sources of support and opposition to the Truman Administration's foreign policy, and a historical account of the crucial period between the summer of 1949 and the winter of 1951, Fordham integrates the political struggle over NSC 68, the decision to intervene in the Korean War, and congressional debates over the Fair Deal, McCarthyism and military spending. The Truman Administration's policy was politically successful not only because it appealed to internationally oriented sectors of the U.S. economy, but also because it was linked to domestic policies favored by domestically oriented, labor-sensitive sectors that would otherwise have opposed it.
This interpretation of Cold War foreign policy will interest political scientists and historians concerned with the origins of the Cold War, American social welfare policy, McCarthyism, and the Korean War, and the theoretical argument it advances will be of interest broadly to scholars of U.S. foreign policy, American politics, and international relations theory.
Benjamin O. Fordham is Assistant Professor of Political Science, State University of New York at Albany.

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Benjamin Fordham - Building the Cold War Consensus ; The Political Economy of U.S. National Security Policy, 1949-51 (1998).pdf

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Justine Ciovacco, Kathleen A. Feeley, Kristen Behr en - A Kid's Guide to the People and Places of Ame rica; State-by-state Atlas (2003).jpg

01 - USA - Justine Ciovacco, Kathleen A. Feeley, Kristen Behren -...People and Places of America State-by-state Atlas 2003.jpg

Arranged regionally to give readers an overview of the distinct areas of the country, the State-by-State Atlas creates a clear and easy to understand way of learning American geography and culture. Each state's landscape, industry, agriculture, population, history, and folkways are explored in a vibrant information book children will want to use throughout their school age years.

This visually attractive guide to the states divides the nation into seven major regions. For each area, a short time line lists events as diverse as the Battle of Gettysburg and the completion of Mt. Rushmore. The spread for each state offers information on the bird, flower, tree, population, ranking in statehood, and land area. Two paragraphs of general description and history introduce the state, while additional bits of information in caption form are provided. A short profile of a historical figure or current celebrity is included, such as Madonna from Michigan and Susan B. Anthony from New York. Colorful maps, photos, and drawings alternate with the scattered text. As a supplemental source for state reports, this is an adequate work. Most online encyclopedias or state sites will provide more comprehensive information. School Library Journal

Divided by regions. Full color. Great pictures. Insets with state facts and color pictures of flower, bird, flag, and tree.

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Alison Arngrim - Confessions of a Prairie Bitch; H ow I Survived Nellie Oleson and Learned to Love Be ing Hated (2010).jpg

01 - USA - Alison Arngrim - Confessions of a Prairie Bitch How I ...ved Nellie Oleson and Learned to Love Being Hated 2010.jpg

For seven years, Alison Arngrim played a wretched, scheming, selfish, lying, manipulative brat on one of TV history's most beloved series. Though millions of Little House on the Prairie viewers hated Nellie Oleson and her evil antics, Arngrim grew to love her character—and the freedom and confidence Nellie inspired in her.
In Confessions of a Prairie Bitch, Arngrim describes growing up in Hollywood with her eccentric parents: Thor Arngrim, a talent manager to Liberace and others, whose appetite for publicity was insatiable, and legendary voice actress Norma MacMillan, who played both Gumby and Casper the Friendly Ghost. She recalls her most cherished and often wickedly funny moments behind the scenes of Little House: Michael Landon's "unsaintly" habit of not wearing underwear; how she and Melissa Gilbert (who played her TV nemesis, Laura Ingalls) became best friends and accidentally got drunk on rum cakes at 7-Eleven; and the only time she and Katherine MacGregor (who played Nellie's mom) appeared in public in costume, provoking a posse of elementary schoolgirls to attack them.
Arngrim relays all this and more with biting wit, but she also bravely recounts her life's challenges: her struggle to survive a history of traumatic abuse, depression, and paralyzing shyness; the "secret" her father kept from her for twenty years; and the devastating loss of her "Little House husband" and best friend, Steve Tracy, to AIDS, which inspired her second career in social and political activism. Arngrim describes how Nellie Oleson taught her to be bold, daring, and determined, and how she is eternally grateful to have had the biggest little bitch on the prairie to show her the way.

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Kathleen Deagan, Jose Maria Cruxent - Archaeology at La Isabela; Spain America's First European Town (2002).jpg

In this volume, Kathleen Deagan and Jose Maria Cruxent present detailed technical documentation of their ten-year archaeological excavation of La Isabela, America's first colony. The artefacts and material remains of the town offer rich material for comparative research into Euro-American cultural and material development during the crucial transition from the medieval era to the Renaissance. The period when La Isabela was in existence witnessed great innovation and change in many areas of technology. The archaeological evidence of La Isabela's architecture, weaponry, numismatics, pottery and metallurgy can be precisely dated, helping to chart the sequence of this change and revealing much that is new about late medieval technology. The authors' archaeological research also provides a foundation for their insights into the reasons for the demise of La Isabela.

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Kathleen Deagan, Jose Maria Cruxent - Archaeology at La Isabela; Spain America's First European Town (2002).pdf

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Ha-Joon Chang - Bad Samaritans; The Myth of Free T rade and the Secret History of Capitalism (2007).jpg

In the 1950s, South Korea was one of the poorest countries in the world, suffering the aftereffects of decades of brutal Japanese colonialism and war with its northern counterpart. During his childhood, Chang (Kicking Away the Ladder), a respected economist at the University of Cambridge, witnessed the beginnings of Korea's postwar economic miracle as Gen. Park Chung-Hee's dictatorship (despite its corrupt machinations) set the economic groundwork that would lift Korea out of poverty. Though Korea's strategies are heretical to first world, free-market economists, Chang argues that the world's wealthiest nations historically relied on the same heavy-handed protectionist approaches in their quests for economic hegemony. These wealthy, first world economies, which preach free market and free trade to the poor countries in order to capture larger shares of the latter's markets and to pre-empt the emergence of possible competitors are Chang's bad Samaritans. Chang builds his outsider stance through a history of capitalism and globalization and stories of other struggling countries' economic transformations. The resulting polemic about the shortcomings of neoliberal economic theory's belief in unlimited free-market competition and its effect on the developing world is provocative and may hold the key to similar miracles for some of the world's most troubled economies.

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Marc Headley - Blown for Good; Behind the Iron Cur tain of Scientology (2009).jpg

Nominated by Foreword Magazine as 2009 Book of the Year Award Finalist. Marc Headley provides an insider's view of life as a member of Scientology's "Sea Organization". Marc worked at Scientology's secret desert compound, which houses all Scientology management, for 15 years. The 500 acre property is located deep in the California desert. The local townspeople were told lectures and films were made there. But is that all that was happening? It is the location of a multi-million dollar home for L. Ron Hubbard, built two decades after his death. It is the home of Scientology's current leader, David Miscavige. So what really happens at the Int Base? Are the stories on the internet true? How does Scientology conduct management of its day to day operations? Could stories of armed guards, weapons, staff beatings, and razor wire fences be true? If so, how could a facility like this exist in modern day America? Hundreds of staff tried to escape over the years. Some succeeded but were never seen or heard of again, most failed. Why were people kept here? What really went on at the headquarters of Scientology? This is the story of what happened behind the Iron Curtain of Scientology. "...the Scientology cult, is I guarantee you, a thousand times more bizarre than you could have ever imagined."

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Marc Headley - Blown for Good; Behind the Iron Cur tain of Scientology (2009).pdf

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Clare Corbould - Becoming African Americans; Black Public Life in Harlem, 1919-1939 (2009).jpg

In 2000, the United States census allowed respondents for the first time to tick a box marked “African American” in the race category. The new option marked official recognition of a term that had been gaining currency for some decades. Africa has always played a role in black identity, but it was in the tumultuous period between the two world wars that black Americans first began to embrace a modern African American identity.

Following the great migration of black southerners to northern cities after World War I, the search for roots and for meaningful affiliations became subjects of debate and display in a growing black public sphere. Throwing off the legacy of slavery and segregation, black intellectuals, activists, and organizations sought a prouder past in ancient Egypt and forged links to contemporary Africa. In plays, pageants, dance, music, film, literature, and the visual arts, they aimed to give stature and solidity to the American black community through a new awareness of the African past and the international black world. Their consciousness of a dual identity anticipated the hyphenated identities of new immigrants in the years after World War II, and an emerging sense of what it means to be a modern American.

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Clare Corbould - Becoming African Americans; Black Public Life in Harlem, 1919-1939 (2009).pdf

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D. Robert Worley - Shaping U.S. Military Forces; R evolution or Relevance in a Post-Cold War World (2 006).jpg

In Shaping U.S. Military Forces, D. Robert Worley assesses military force changes that have been made since the Cold War, explains the many changes that have not been made, and recommends changes that must be made--as well as exploring the ways in which political and military forces line up to resist them. For over forty years there was consensus about maintaining large U.S. military forces. Today, as evidenced by the steady decline in defense spending since 1985, that consensus has evaporated, and a new equilibrium is being sought. Yet evidence of transformation is modest. By outward appearances, today's military is principally a smaller version of our Cold War forces, despite the fact that threat, missions, and strategies have changed. There has been no lack of reform effort at the highest levels of the defense bureaucracy. Under the leadership of General Colin Powell, the Joint Chiefs of Staff reexamined the roles and missions of the services. Recommendations followed. But, according to observers, change occurred only at the margins. Worley argues that the highly institutionalized cultures of the uniformed services offer the best explanation for why the American military is not a different force well over a decade after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Significant historical events, primarily from World War II forward, are used to explain belief systems within the individual services and sometimes within specific branches within a single service. Force planners commonly measure military end strength in terms of divisions, wings, and battle groups. Therefore, Worley examines the most important organizational structures--armored and infantry divisions, fighter and bomber wings, and carrier battle groups--and does so in the context of conflicts, including Vietnam, the Gulf War, Panama, Kosovo, and Somalia, and of course the unfinished conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. He highlights problems associated with the clash of service conceptions of war and the requirements of real conflict to examine the shape U.S. military forces have--and the shape they should assume.

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D. Robert Worley - Shaping U.S. Military Forces; R evolution or Relevance in a Post-Cold War World (2 006).pdf

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Jeffrey Geiger - Facing the Pacific; Polynesia and the U.S. Imperial Imagination (2007).jpg

The enduring popularity of Polynesia in western literature, art, and film attests to the pleasures that Pacific islands have, over the centuries, afforded the consuming gaze of the west--connoting solitude, release from cares, and, more recently, renewal from urbanized modern life. Facing the Pacific is the first study to offer a detailed look at the United States' intense engagement with the myth of the South Seas just after the First World War, when, at home, a popular vogue for all things Polynesian seemed to echo the expansion of U.S. imperialist activities abroad

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Jeffrey Geiger - Facing the Pacific; Polynesia and the U.S. Imperial Imagination (2007).pdf

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Joseph H. Alexander - Across the Reef; The Marine Assault of Tarawa (1996).jpg

In August 1943, to meet in secret with Major General Julian C. Smith and his principal staff officers of the 2d Marine Division, Vice Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, commanding the Central Pacific Force, flew to New Zealand from Pearl Harbor. Spruance told the Marines to prepare for an amphibious assault against Japanese positions in the Gilbert Islands in November.
The Marines knew about the Gilberts. The 2d Raider Battalion under Lieutenant Colonel Evans F. Carlson had attacked Makin Atoll a year earlier. Subsequent intelligence reports warned that the Japanese had fortified Betio Island in Tarawa Atoll, where elite forces guarded a new bomber strip. Spruance said Betio would be the prime target for the 2d Marine Division.
General Smith's operations officer, Lieutenant Colonel David M. Shoup, studied the primitive chart of Betio and saw that the tiny island was surrounded by a barrier reef. Shoup asked Spruance if any of the Navy's experimental, shallow-draft, plastic boats could be provided. "Not available," replied the admiral, "expect only the usual wooden landing craft." Shoup frowned. General Smith could sense that Shoup's gifted mind was already formulating a plan.

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Joseph H. Alexander - Across the Reef; The Marine Assault of Tarawa (1996).pdf

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Neil Sheehan - A Fiery Peace in a Cold War; Bernar d Schriever and the Ultimate Weapon (2010).jpg

The military-industrial complex proves an unlikely arena for plucky individualism in this history of the men who built America's intercontinental ballistic missile program in the 1950s and '60s. Sheehan paints air force Gen. Bernard Schriever and his colorful band of military aides, civilian patrons, defense intellectuals and aerospace entrepreneurs as a guerrilla insurgency fighting Pentagon red tape, and a hostile air force brass, led by Strategic Air Command honcho Curtis LeMay, who advocated megatonnage bomber planes over ICBMs. Sheehan gives a fascinating run-down of the engineering challenges posed by nuclear missiles, but the main action consists of bureaucratic intrigues, procurement innovations and epic briefings that catch the president's ear and open the funding spigots. Like the author's Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award–winning A Bright Shining Lie, this is a saga of underdog visionaries struggling to redirect a misguided military juggernaut, this time successfully: the author credits Schriever's missiles with keeping the peace and jump-starting the space program and satellite industry. Sheehan's focus on personal initiative and human-scale dramas lends an overly romantic cast to his study of cold war policy making and the arms race, but it makes for an engrossing read.

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Barry M. Blechman - The Politics of National Secur ity (1992).jpg

Over the past twenty years, a revolution has occurred in relations between the American executive and legislative branches. Once a passive observer of the President's decisions on defense policy, the Congress has assumed a more aggressive role in decisions on the defense budget, arms control, war powers, sales of weapons abroad, and covert operations. Based on interviews with members of Congress and their staffs, The Politics of National Security describes and analyzes this fundamental change in the United States political system, concentrating on the political factors behind the Congress' greater assertiveness.

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Barry M. Blechman - The Politics of National Secur ity (1992).pdf

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David A. Swanson , Paula J. Walashek - CEMAF as a Census Method; A Proposal for a Re-Designed Census and An Independent U.S. Census Bureau (2009).jpg

01 - USA - David A. Swanson , Paula J. Walashek - CEMAF as a Censu...gned Census and An Independent U.S. Census Bureau 2009.jpg

In provocative terms that push the envelope of technical, administrative, and legal capabilities, Swanson and Walashek propose a re-vamped US census based neither on the current system, self-enumeration, nor its predecessor, door-to-door canvassing. Instead, they propose that it be built on a combination of four elements: (1) administrative records; (2) the continuously updated Master Address File; (3) survey data; and (4) modeling and imputation techniques. They use “Census-Enhanced Master Address File (CEMAF) as a descriptive term for their proposal, which is based on four principles and includes a proposal for an independent Census Bureau.They argue that evidence suggests that the methods used to conduct traditional census counts may be at the end of their useful working lives, as evidenced by increasing costs and declining response rates. Some of their ideas will seem farfetched. However, Swanson and Walashek believe this is the time to discuss radical proposals as governments re-examine the utility of traditional census counts and consider reductions, as is the case in Canada and England. This SpringerBriefs should be on the reading list of staff in statistical agencies grappling with rising costs and declining response rates, as well as census stakeholders concerned about costs, accuracy, and census utility.

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David A. Swanson , Paula J. Walashek - CEMAF as a Census Method; A Proposal for a Re-Designed Census and An Independent U.S. Census Bureau (2009).pdf

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Mike Bowker - Russia, America and the Islamic worl d (2007).jpg

Examines the newly emerging relationship between Russia and the United States in the fight against the common threat of international terrorism.During the Soviet period, Islam was largely ignored and viewed as a bourgeois phenomenon which would fade over time. With the ongoing conflict in Chechnya to recent upheavals in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, Islamic militancy has now become a major security threat. Bowker examines the newly emerging relationship between Russia and the United States in the fight against the common threat of international terrorism. He looks at the difficulties of such a relationship by analyzing the lingering mutual suspicion, differing views on the nature of the global terrorist threat and how each side have continued to pursue their own national interests. Students and scholars of foreign policy and regional specialists will find this book insightful.Contents: Introduction; The post-cold war world and the clash of civilisations; The Soviet war in Afghanistan; The Gulf war, 1990-1991; The wars in Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Kosovo; The conflict in Chechnya; 9/11 and the war on terrorism; Gulf War II: Iraq 2003; Iran and nuclear proliferation; Israel and the Palestinian question; The Caucasus, central Asia and the 'coloured revolutions'; America and Russia: democracy promotion; Conclusion; Index.About the Author: Mike Bowker is Senior Lecturer in Politics at the University of East Anglia, UK.

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Mike Bowker - Russia, America and the Islamic worl d (2007).pdf

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Miniatury morskie 79 - Jerzy Pietkiewicz - Pod lod ami do Bieguna Północnego (1963).jpg

5 sierpnia 1958 r. świat cały obiegła sensacyjna wiadomość — atomowy okręt podwodny „Nautilus" przeszedł pod lodami bieguna północnego. Oto relacja z tej niezwykłej wyprawy, przekazana przez jednego z jej uczestników

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Miniatury morskie 79 - Jerzy Pietkiewicz - Pod lod ami do Bieguna Północnego (1963).pdf

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Osprey PL - WBH 14 - Carter Malkasian - Wojna Kore anska 1950-53 (2010).jpg

W latach 1950-53 na Półwyspie Koreańskim toczyła się wojna, w którą zaangażowały się światowe mocarstwa. Sytuacja międzynarodowa była jeszcze bardziej napięta niż podczas kryzysu kubańskiego i wydawało się, że trzecia wojna światowa może wybuch nąć w każdym momencie. Obie strony podejrzewały, że wojna w Korei jest wstępem do większego i groźniejszego konfliktu na skalę światową. Po raz pierwszy i ostatni w historii zimnej wojny na polu bitwy spotkały się jednocześnie Chiny i Związek Radziecki z jednej strony i Stany Zjednoczone wraz z zachodnioeuropejskimi sojusznikami z drugiej. Armie Chin brały udział w wielkich starciach lądowych z wojskami ONZ. O dominację w powietrzu nad Koreą Północną walczyły samoloty chińskie, radzieckie i amerykańskie. W Korei zmagali się nie tylko pomniejsi sojusznicy światowych potęg, jak później w Wietnamie czy Afganistanie, lecz same światowe mocarstwa* Konflikt ten zmienił stosunki między Wschodem a Zachodem i miał kluczowe znaczenie dla zmiany sposobu prowadzenia wojen.

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Bloom's Modern Critical Views - Harold Bloom - T.S . Eliot, New edition (2010).jpg

A member of the romantic tradition, T.S. Eliot is considered a central figure in Western literary culture. Best known for his works 'The Waste Land', 'Four Quartets', and 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock', T.S. Eliot is one of the most popular 20th-century poets studied in high school and college English classes today. Eliot's masterful use of classical allusions throughout his works demonstrates the great importance he placed on tradition and its place within literary history. This new edition of critical essays features an introduction by master scholar Harold Bloom, a chronology of Eliot's life, a bibliography of his works, and an index fit for researchers.

CONTENTS

Editor's Note
Introduction (Harold Bloom)
Eliot and the Voices of History (Hugh Kenner)
Doctrine and Wisdom in 'Four Quartets' (Cleo McNelly Kearns)
'Little Gidding' 3: Indifference and the Process of Reading 'Four Quartets' (John Paul Riquelme)
T. S. Eliot: The American Strain (A.D. Moody)
T. S. Eliot's Gerontion and Journey of the Magi (Anthony L. Johnson)
Prufrock's Guilty Pleasures (Lee Oser)
Beginning (Denis Donoghue)
In Pursuit of Wilde Possum: Reflections on Eliot, Modernism, and the Nineties (Ronald Bush)
Eliot's Shadows: Autography and Style in The Hollow Men (Joseph Jonghyun Jeon)
The Aristotelian Mr. Eliot: Structure and Strategy in 'The Waste Land' (John H. Timmerman)
Chronology
Contributors
Bibliography
Acknowledgments
Index

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Edward D. Berkowitz - Mass Appeal; The Formative A ge of the Movies, Radio, and TV (2010).jpg

Mass Appeal describes the changing world of American popular culture from the first sound movies through the age of television. In short and accessible vignettes, the book reveals the career patterns of people who became big movie, TV, or radio stars. Eddie Cantor and Al Jolson symbolize the early stars of sound movies. Groucho Marx and Fred Astaire represent the movie stars of the 1930s, and Jack Benny stands in for the 1930s performers who achieved their success on radio. Katharine Hepburn, a stage and film star, illustrates the cultural trends of the late 1930s and early 1940s. Humphrey Bogart and Bob Hope serve as examples of performers who achieved great success during the Second World War. Walt Disney, Woody Allen, and Lucille Ball, among others, become the representative figures of the postwar world. Through these vignettes, the reader comes to understand the development of American mass media in the twentieth century.

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