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BADGES OF THE BRITISH ARMY 1820 TO THE PRESENT.pdf

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20,8 MB
28 mar 21 14:21

Osprey - Men at Arms 172 - Prussian Cavalry of the Napoleonic Wars (2) 1807-15.pdf

z chomika draygath

22,4 MB
28 mar 21 14:21

Osprey - Men at Arms 192 - Prussian Reserve, Milit ia & Irregular Troops 1806-15.pdf

z chomika draygath

18,5 MB
28 mar 21 14:21

Osprey - Men-at-arms 445 - David Nicolle - Medieva l Polish Armies 966-1500 (2008).jpg

The history of Poland is a fascinating story of a people struggling to achieve nationhood in the face of internal and external conflict. Poland became a unified Christian state in AD 966 and by the 12th century a knightly class had emerged - a force that was integral to the defence of Poland against increasingly frequent foreign invasions. Intent on crushing rival Christian states, the Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights all mounted attacks but were beaten back by the Poles, as were invading Mongols and Turks. This book reveals the organisation, equipment and battle histories of the medieval Polish armies as they developed and modernised to emerge as one of the dominant powers of Eastern Europe.

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94 KB
28 mar 21 14:21

Osprey - Warrior 33 - David Nicolle - Knight Hospi taller (1), 1100-1306 (2001).jpg

Unlike their sometime rivals the Templars, the Order of St John of the Hospital of Jerusalem (or the Hospitallers as they are better known) was not created as a result of the First Crusade in 1099: rather, it was probably established by a group of Italian merchants from Amalfi in the mid-11th century.However, as a consequence of the crusading movement, the Hospitallers became recognised experts in the military capabilities of opposing Islamic armies. This book, the first of two to examine the lifestyle, experiences and military role of the Hospitaller knight, covers the period from the foundation of the order to the invasion of Rhodes in 1306.

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241 KB
28 mar 21 14:21

Osprey - Warrior 124 - David Nicolle - Teutonic Kn ight, 1190-1561 (2004).jpg

The Military Order of Teutonic Knights was one of the three most famous Crusading Orders; the others being the Templars and the Hospitallers. Like these two, the Teutonic Knights initially focused upon the preservation of the Crusader States in the Middle East. Wielding their swords in the name of their faith, the crusading knights set out to reclaim Jerusalem. Unlike the Templars they survived the crises of identity and purpose which followed the loss of the last Crusader mainland enclaves in the late thirteenth century and, like the Hospitallers, they managed to create a new purpose - and a new field of combat - for themselves. Whereas the Hospitallers focused their energies in the eastern Mediterranean battling against Muslim armies, the Teutonic Knights shifted their efforts to the Baltic, to the so-called Northern Crusades against pagan Prussians and Lithuanians and, to a lesser extent, against Orthodox Christian Russia. As a result the Order of Teutonic Knights became a significant power, not only in the Baltic but in north-central Europe as a whole. Paradoxically, however, it was their fellow Catholic Christian Polish neighbours who became their most dangerous foes, breaking the Order's power in the mid-fifteenth century. The Teutonic Knights lingered on in what are now Estonia and Latvia for another century, but this was little more than a feeble afterglow. This title will examine this fascinating military and religious order in detail, revealing the colourful history of the crusades within Europe itself which inexorably changed the future of the continent.

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209 KB
28 mar 21 14:21

Wielkie bitwy historii 23 - David Nicolle - Druga krucjata 1148 (2010).jpg

Bezpośrednią przyczyną drugiej krucjaty było zdobycie przez muzułmanów miasta Edessy. Państwa założone przez krzyżowców nie miały ściśle wytyczonych granic, które by oddzielały je od muzułmańskich sąsiadów. Było to szczególnie widoczne na ziemiach leżących na styku Królestwa Jerozolimskiego i niezależnego emiratu Damaszku. Tereny nad górnym Jordanem, we wschodniej Galilei, na wzgórzach Golan i w regionie Hawran nad rzeką Jarmuk były właściwie ziemiami niczyimi, na których obie strony miały swoje twierdze, rywalizujące o kontrolę nad okolicznymi wsiami i plemionami arabskimi. Jednocześnie wewnętrzne napięcia polityczne w Królestwie Jerozolimskim sprawiły, że druga krucjata musiała zakończyć się niepowodzeniem, a samo królestwo upaść.

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