Introduction

The large circular shield of the Vikings was part of a conservative tradition of manufacture. The best known intact examples from the Viking Age are those that lined the gunwales of the buried warship from Gokstad, Norway (Fig. 1) dated to c.905 AD (Bonde and Christensen 1993). They are similar to shields from Thorsberg bog (Raddatz 1987) and other Danish weapon deposits of the Roman Iron Age. Though archaeological evidence dries up with the adoption of Christian burial rites, art sources (such as the Lewis chessmen) indicate that kite shields were accepted in the Norse lands in the twelfth century, along with a small round buckler (Karlsson 1993). Scandinavian settlers seem to have adopted different (native Insular?) designs in the Irish Sea region, judging by material from burials there. These variants may be discussed in a separate paper.

zachomikowany

0,8 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

Peter Beatson - Viking Shield From Archaeology (20 08).pdf

zachomikowany

267 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

La Vie privée des Hommes - Louis-Rene Nougier, Pie rre Joubert - Au temps des Vikings 793-1066 (1982).jpg

Wikingowie2 - La Vie prive des Hommes - Louis-Rene Nougier, Pierre Joubert - Au temps des Vikings 793-1066 1982.jpg

Sous la direction de Pierre Miquel, l'histoire s'humanise. Les enfants se passionnent pour la vie quotidienne des hommes grâce à des textes et des illustrations riches en détails. Chaque ouvrage propose en outre un certain nombre d'outils pédagoiques: cartes, biographies, repères chronologiques et vignettes à découper.
Comment expliquer la formidable expansion des Vikings? Quelles étaient leurs règles sociales et leurs croyances? Bien loin du peuple barbare que l'on imagine souvent, les Vikings avaient développé une civilisation originale et dynamique aux coutumes étonnantes et aux productions artisanales d'une grande richesse. Grâce à des dessins de reconstitutions historiques et un texte d'un grand sérieux scientifique, les enfants entrent dans l'intimité de ces mystérieux hommes du froid et de la mer.

zachomikowany

24,6 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

La Vie privée des Hommes - Louis-Rene Nougier, Pie rre Joubert - Au temps des Vikings 793-1066 (1982).pdf

zachomikowany

17 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Jan Petersen - De Norske Vikingesverd (1919).jpg

zachomikowany

22,1 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

Jan Petersen - De Norske Vikingesverd (1919).pdf

zachomikowany

259 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Anne Stine Ingsta - Discovery of a Norse Settlemen t in America (1977).jpg

In this volume the results of the excavations of a settlement discovered by Helge Ingstad in 1960 on the northern point of Newfoundland are presented together with an archaeological assessment of the finds, which comprise house-sites and other archaeological material. The site is located at Epaves Bay, near the little fishing settlement of L'Anse aux Meadows. During the period 1961-1968, Helge Ingstad organized seven archaeologi-cal expeditions, in the course of which these house-sites were excavated. The scholars participating in these expeditions formed international teams, and their names are listed in Helge Ingstad's foreword to this book; I would use this opportunity to thank each and every one of them not only for excellent work done, but also for the atmosphere of friendship which obtained during our life and work at these expeditions. Some of them have contributed to this volume, and valuable scientif,rc contributions from other scholars are also included

zachomikowany

12,8 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

Anne Stine Ingsta - Discovery of a Norse Settlemen t in America (1977).pdf

zachomikowany

186 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Crowood - Europa Militaria Special 6 - Carl Schulz e - The Vikings Recreated In Color Photographs (19 99).jpg

A remarkable photographic recreation of the appearance of the Norse explorers, invaders and colonists of 8th-11th century Europe. The combination of specialist photography and 'living history' societies allows us to study and record the appearance and lifestyle of the Vikings: the Norse costume, weapons, armor, tools and homes.

zachomikowany

5,5 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

Crowood - Europa Militaria Special 6 - Carl Schulz e - The Vikings Recreated In Color Photographs (19 99).pdf

zachomikowany

144 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Kirsten A. Seaver - The Last Vikings, The Epic Sto ry of the Great Norse Voyagers (2010).jpg

Late in the tenth century, the Norse Vikings embarked on a voyage of no return. Leaving Iceland first for Greenland, from there they sailed onwards to North America, setting foot on its shores five hundred years before Columbus’s first journeys of discovery. But by about AD 1500 their settlements were abandoned and the Norse Greenlanders and their explorations of the New World receded into the realms of myth. What happened between these momentous events? How did the Vikings really live -- and die -- and why have so many myths and legends grown up around this mysterious people of the sea?

Drawing on her deep knowledge of the culture and history of the region as well as the most up-to-date evidence from archaeology, medieval history and the evocative Sagas, Seaver weaves together a compelling and authoritative history. Alongside their spectacular achievements and discoveries, she also vividly evokes the last Vikings’ daily lives and explains why their apparent departure from Greenland in 1500 was not quite such a dramatic schism in the historical record as is often assumed. This compelling history of a people living at the fringes of the known world offers an illuminating entree into the world of the Norse Greenlanders which will captivate all who have ever wondered about the fate of the Vikings and will stand as the definitive work for years to come.

zachomikowany

283 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

William R. Short - Icelanders in the Viking Age, T he People of the Sagas (2010).jpg

The Sagas of Icelanders are enduring stories from Viking-Age Iceland filled with love and romance, battles and feuds, tragedy and comedy. Yet these tales are little read today, even by lovers of literature. The culture and history of the people depicted in the Sagas are often unfamiliar to the modern reader, though the audience for whom the tales were intended would have had an intimate understanding of the material. This text introduces the modern reader to the daily lives and material culture of the Vikings. Topics covered include Icelandic religion, social customs, the settlement of disputes, and major milestones in life of Viking-Age Icelanders. Issues of dispute among scholars, such as the nature of settlement and the division of land, are addressed in the text.

zachomikowany

12,7 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

William R. Short - Icelanders in the Viking Age, T he People of the Sagas (2010).pdf

zachomikowany

11 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Julian D. Richards - The Vikings, A Very Short Int roduction (2005).jpeg

The Viking reputation is one of bloodthirsty seafaring warriors, repeatedly plundering the British Isles and the North Atlantic throughout the early Middle Ages. Yet Vikings were also traders, settlers, and farmers, with a complex artistic and linguistic culture, whose expansion overseas led them to cross the Atlantic for the first time in European history. Highlighting the latest archaeological evidence, Julian Richards reveals the whole Viking world: their history, their culture, and their legacy of overseas expansion for trade, colonization, and plunder. Viking identity is explored through what we have learned about their towns, art, shipbuilding, and religious rituals. Here the Viking story is brought up to the present, from the tales of adventure found in medieval Icelandic sagas, to their exploitation as a symbol of nationalism in the nineteenth century by Wagner, and later by Hitler and the Nazi party. The author also highlights their impact and influence on the history and people of Northern Europe. Vikings, a fascinating new look at a people and culture that have been reinvented throughout history, will take readers closer to discovering who they really were.

About the Author

Julian Richards is Professor of Archaology at the University of York, and co-director of the Centre for Medieval Studies. He specialises in the archaeology of Anglo-Saxon and Viking Age England, and has directed several excavations of Viking settlements, including the only Viking cremation cemetery in the British Isles. Previous publications include Viking Age England (Tempus, 2000).

zachomikowany

200 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Jacob Abbott - History of William the Conqueror (1 902).jpg

A book from Makers of History series by Jacob Abbott, an American writer of juvenile fiction, brief histories, biographies and works in popular science.
From the author: In selecting the subjects for the successive volumes of this series, it has been the object of the author to look for the names of those great personages whose histories constitute useful, and not merely entertaining, knowledge. There are certain names which are familiar, as names, to all mankind; such personages as Hannibal, Alexander, Cæsar, Cleopatra, Darius, Xerxes, Alfred, William the Conqueror, Queen Elizabeth, and Mary Queen of Scots, it is the design and object of these volumes to communicate, in a faithful, and, at the same time, if possible, in an attractive manner.

zachomikowany

1,9 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

Jacob Abbott - History of William the Conqueror (1 902).pdf

zachomikowany

94 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Kristyna Arcarti - Runes, A Beginner's Guide (1999 ).jpg

This book shows how the ancient runic alphabet of the Celts and Vikings, when inscribed in bone, wood, or stone, can be used to enlighten all areas of one's life.

zachomikowany

1,1 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

Kristyna Arcarti - Runes, A Beginner's Guide (1999 ).pdf

zachomikowany

92 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Heather O'Donoghue - From Asgard to Valhalla, The Remarkable History of the Norse Myths (2007).jpg

Whether it be Thor's powerful hammer, the mysterious valkyries, the palatial home of the gods - Asgard - or ravenous wolves and fierce elemental giants, the Norse myths are packed with vivid incident. This is the first book to show how the Norse myths have resonated from era to era: from Viking-age stories of ice and fire to the epic poetry of Beowulf; and from Wagner's Ring to Marvel Comics' Mighty Thor. Heather O'Donoghue considers the wider contexts of Norse mythology, including its origins, medieval expression and reception in post-medieval societies right up to the present. From Asgard to Valhalla is a book that will intrigue and delight anyone with an interest in how the Norse myths have so profoundly shaped the western cultural heritage.

zachomikowany

196 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Barbarians! - Kathryn Hinds - Vikings (2010).jpg

Gr 9 Up-To read this title is to alter forever mythical perceptions of Viking heroes. The clearly written text avoids romanticizing, yet presents an engrossing, if not glamorous, picture of the Viking era. Hence, while readers may be impressed by the artistic skill, bravery, and determination of Norsemen adventurers, they also see their undeniable brutality. The volume presents not just facts, but riveting accounts of scientific discoveries and historic breakthroughs that have led to the determination of these facts. Thus, the painstaking work of salvaging ships and excavating burial mounds is clearly detailed, and full explanations are given when conclusions can be drawn from discoveries. Text and excellent-quality photographs display how a 10th-century skull, combined with 20th-century laser and computer technology, can bring us face to face with the eerie likeness of a man dead a thousand years. A heavily noted timeline, an extensive bibliography, and a full index add to the overall appeal.

zachomikowany

14,5 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

Barbarians! - Kathryn Hinds - Vikings (2010).pdf

zachomikowany

190 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

David Crouch - Normans, The History of a Dynasty ( 2006).jpg

The Normans is the history of a dynasty. It is also the history of ruthless ambition, rivalry and war between brothers and cousins. The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 was a critical moment in history. Following the death of Harold at the battle of Hastings, it established William, duke of Normandy, on the throne of England. By ending Anglo-Saxon rule, it tied England to Normandy and to involvement in France for the next five hundred years.

The Normans were pioneers of strong government, vigorous builders of church-es and castles, and fierce warriors. William l's death was followed by civil war and continued tension between England and Normandy, unresolved at the time of he death of William Rufus in a hunting accident in the New Forest in 1100. Peace under Henry I was followed by final eclipse after the Anarchy of Stephen's reign, when 'Christ and his saints slept'.

zachomikowany

20,2 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

David Crouch - Normans, The History of a Dynasty ( 2006).pdf

zachomikowany

218 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 459 - Raffaele D’Amato - The Varangian Guard 988-1453 (2010).jpg

The Varangian Guards were Viking mercenaries who operated far beyond their native shores as an elite force within the Byzantine Armies. Descendants from a legendary line of warriors, the Varangian Guard was formed after a group of Viking mercenaries made a major contribution to the Byzantine Emperor Basil II's victory over rebel forces in 988 AD. These 5,000 men were then retained as Basil's personal guard and would provide loyal service to many successive occupants of the imperial throne.
Commonly referred to as 'foreigners' (Etaireia), they were nonetheless absorbed into a new Palatine regiment under command of an officer termed the Akolouthos, who was either a Norsemen or a Rus (Norsemen colonizers of Russia). The Varangians wore mixtures of their native clothing and armor together with a splendid formal Byzantine uniform. But most famously, they always wielded their own traditional battle-axes; this became a sign that the emperor was on the battlefield in person. This is an insightful look of one of the legendary guard units of the medieval world, complete with a dazzling array of artwork plates showing the Varangian Guard in an array of settings from court ceremonies to the battlefield.

zachomikowany

218 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Osprey - New Vanguard 47 - Keith Durham - Viking L ongship (2002).jpg

This title charts the development of the Viking longship, tracing its evolution from the one-man canoe of the Scandinavian Stone Age, through the 'clinker' or wood -built-ships of 200 BC into the recognisable longboats of the 4th century AD. From this point onwards, the Viking Longship developed into the pre-eminent raider and trader in the North Sea and the Baltic, and ventured as far afield as the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic and modern-day Russia. Keith Durham uses modern reconstructions, original sources, translations and archaeological evidence to render a vivid picture of the vessels that dominated the seaways of Scandinavia, founded colonies on Iceland, Greenland and the New World and terrorised the coastlines of northern Europe. This title also covers the development of Norman vessels, including the mighty invasion fleet of William the Conqueror.

zachomikowany

212 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Osprey - Campaign 13 - Christopher Gravett - Hasti ngs 1066, The Fall of Saxon England (1992).jpg

Fought on 14th October 1066 between Duke William of Normandy and Harold Godwinson, king of England, the Battle of Hastings irrevocably changed the course of English history. William's victory ensured his accession to the English throne. Hastings was also decisive in another way: the horrendous casualties suffered by the English nobility both there and at the two earlier battles of Fulford and Stamford Bridge resulted in there being very few men influential enough to lead an English resistance once William had been crowned. William would survive long enough to successfully found a Norman dynasty of English kings.

zachomikowany

188 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Osprey - Warrior 01 - Christopher Gravett - Norman Knight 950-1204 AD (2006).jpg

Throughout the 11th and 12th centuries the Norman knight was possibly the most feared warrior in Western Europe. He was descended originally from the Vikings who had settled in Northern France under their leader Rollo in or around 911 at the behest of Charles the Simple and throughout the following centuries they remembered and built on their warlike reputation. This book shows how their military prowess was renowned throughout the known world and resulted in Normans conquering Sicily in 1060 and England in 1066, as well as participating in many important battles in Italy and playing a major part in the First Crusade.

zachomikowany

5,5 MB
18 lip 13 23:05

Osprey - Warrior 01 - Christopher Gravett - Norman Knight 950-1204 AD (2006).pdf

zachomikowany

101 KB
18 lip 13 23:05

Osprey - Elite 09 - David Nicolle - The Normans (2 006).jpg

Despite the small geographic extent of Normandy its people played a crucial role in the history of the medieval world. Ferocity, boundless energy, cunning and a capacity for leadership were their heritage, to which modern scholars would add supreme adaptability and a simple piety. Their amazing military successes resulted from careful planning, speed of movement, decisiveness, daring and sheer ruthlessness. Added to this was a strong business sense and an appreciation of the value of money. Veteran Osprey author David Nicolle describes the history, arms and armour of the remarkable Normans in this fascinating volume.

zachomikowany

« poprzednia strona następna strona »