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  • 6 mar 13 5:36
"The Facts On File Companion to American Poetry" is a new and indispensable encyclopedic guide to American poetry with more than 1,200 entries, ranging in length from 500 to 1,500 words. Intended for high school and college students, this invaluable resource explores the various writers, works, themes, and movements of this intriguing literary genre.Volume 1 contains entirely new material, including new entries on poems, and extensive, new coverage on poets before 1900. Volume 2 is a revised and updated edition of "The Facts On File Companion to 20th-Century American Poetry", with more than 100 new entries added on important poems and recent poets. Its appendixes include a general bibliography and a list of winners for major poetry prizes.

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  • 6 mar 13 5:36
An authoritative guide to American literature, this Companion examines the experimental forms, socio-cultural changes, literary movements, and major authors of the early 20th century. This Companion provides authoritative and wide-ranging guidance on early twentieth-century American fiction.

* Considers commonly studied authors such as Faulkner, Fitzgerald, and Hemingway, alongside key texts of the period by Richard Wright, Charles Chesnutt, Zora Neale Hurston, and Anzia Yezierska
* Examines how the works of these diverse writers have been interpreted in their own day and how current readings have expanded our understanding of their cultural and literary significance
* Covers a broad range of topics, including the First and Second World Wars, literary language differences, author celebrity, the urban landscape, modernism, the Jazz Age, the Great Depression, regionalism, and African-American fiction
* Gives students the contextual information necessary for formulating their own critiques of classic American fiction

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  • 6 mar 13 5:36
More than 22 million children under five are now obese or overweight. Globally, an estimated 10% of school-aged children, between 5 and 17 years old, are overweight or obese, and in some countries this figure is as high as 35%. The situation is getting worse. Although recognised clinically for some time as an important condition that increases risk of ill-health in affected individuals, it is only recently, that obesity has been recognised as a population-wide problem that requires preventive action. Obesity is a major contributor to diseases and disability, the associated health costs are enormous, obesity has already reached epidemic proportions in many countries, and incidence is continuing to increase in children. Disturbingly the epidemic is not confinedto developed countries, with many developing countries and those in transition affected. While recognised as a major population health problem, our understanding of the causes of the epidemic is poor, there has been relatively little population-based research that has focused on the prevention of unhealthy weight gain, and as a consequence knowledge regarding how and where best to intervene is limited. This book draws together the existing literature and expertise and with a view to helping set the agenda for public health action. The book is divided into three sections. Part 1 provides an overview of the context of the problem. It examines the epidemiology of obesity, the role of behavioural factors, socio-cultural factors and environmental factors in the obesity epidemic. Part 2 reviews interventions across a range of key settings and in different population groups - drawing on existing research that has aimed to increase physical activity, promote healthy eating and prevent obesity at a population level. Given how little research there is that has specifically examined the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing obesity per se, Part 3 explores potential opportunities to prevent obesity

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  • 6 mar 13 5:36
Depression and Globalisation is an important academic text on the political aspects of depression, specifically the relationship between globalisation and depression. In this text Dr. Walker reestablishes the link between mental health research and treatment, along with the political and economical influences outside the world of academic and clinical mental health. Overall, this book will accomplish the task of how closely and inextricably linked these diverse fields are and the way they operate together to produce not only a cultural representation of mental illness but influence the extent and type of mental distress in the 21st century.

"This book is a personal treatise of depression and its relation to political and social events, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States since the late 1970s and early 1980s. … This book might appeal to those interested in the history of mental illness (mainly depression) and its relation to global events, including sociopolitical changes occurring constantly throughout the world." (Steven T. Herron, Doody’s Review Service, April, 2008)

"According to Walker … the neo-liberal economic policies that emerged in the 1980s and dominate the global market today have had a profound effect on the increase of depressive disorders in the US and the UK. In this volume intended for both general and academic readers, he discusses social and mental health trends, linking factors of globalization to a variety of disorders, also confronting its effects on how psychological science understands and treats them." (www.booknews.com, April, 2008)

"One measure of a book is its effect on the reader's outlook. Although Depression and Globalization obliquely addresses clinical depression, I found while reading it that I began to listen to depressed patients differently. I felt newly attuned to the alienating effects of consumerist society on their lives, on its disruption of their family and social lives." (John C. Markowitz, MD, JAMA, November 5, 2008-Vol. 300, NO. 17)

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  • 6 mar 13 5:36
Dear Reader:
We work for the Soldier. To make the Army Strong… we make Soldiers Strong. Our mission, in its broadest terms, is to equip and sustain the world’s most capable, powerful, and respected Army. Our top priority is to provide Warfighters with the decisive edge.
This handbook describes how we are accomplishing our mission. It is designed to promote greater understanding of our major acquisition programs. It describes what each is designed to achieve; summarizes program schedules; and offers information regarding contractors, teaming arrangements, technical maturity, international sales, and critical interdependencies with other systems. It augments several key publications which characterize the strategic context for the work we do, which include our Army Posture Statement, our Modernization Strategy, and our Science and Technology Master Plan.
As you review this guide and these documents, and visit our organizations and displays, you will see firsthand the strategic relevance, complexity, innovation, and interconnectedness of the products and systems that we are delivering. As the Army recapitalizes and modernizes its capabilities—while simultaneously investing in new technologies and improving our acquisition processes to better support our Warfighters—we will continue to depend upon the support and cooperation which results from strong relationships with the Department of Defense, the Congress, and vital strategic partners such as the U.S. Army Materiel Command and its subordinate commands.
By providing our Warfighters with the most technologically advanced and sustainable platforms and systems, as you will see in this guide, we are underwriting their ability to meet current and emerging threats with confidence. We will continue to demonstrate the leadership, managerial excellence, innovation, and commitment to continuous improvement needed to meet this challenge.

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  • 6 mar 13 5:36
The war in the Pacific during World War II, to this day, raises heroic images of Marines storming the seawall at Tarawa or Dauntlesses pushing over against the Japanese carriers at Midway. Few would state that American submarines were decisive in that effort. Yet not only were the submarines a decisive element, the argument can be made that they were the decisive element. Simply stated, Japan, as an overpopulated island nation, went to war when its imports of vital resources were threatened. She made war with the aim of assuring the continued flow of those imports and iost the war when the ships carrying those imports were rotting on the ocean floor. Postwar analysis revealed that it was impending starvation that brought Japan to her knees, with the atomic bomb providing impetus. Contrary to popular belief the island-hopping campaigns of MacArthur and Nimitz and the firebombing of Japan's cities didn't critically affect her will or ability to resist.
If the loss of the shipping war doomed Japan, it was the American sub that won the war. Of the nearly 10 million tons of Japanese naval and merchant shipping lost during the war, US submarines accounted for over 54%. Yet the Submarine Force never comprised more than 1.6% of naval personnel. Had persistent technical and tactical problems not dogged the Submarine Force through most of the war, that score might well have been higher. Under any circumstances, this remarkable performance deserves the recognition it has long been denied.

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  • 6 mar 13 5:36
Old, slow and ungainly, they had little 'glamor'. They escorted convoys and bombarded shores, leaving the headline-making battles for their newer sisters. So, at least, it seemed from reading those headlines. Yet the reality was quite different. That they were old was undeniable. The newest of them was already 18 years old when WW II broke out, the oldest was an antique 29. A few of them had been re-engined, giving them a top speed of 23kt. Most were still slogging along on their original power-plant and would be lucky to ever see 20kt again. They were far from beautiful, most having been refitted and rebuilt so many times that any notion of the original plan had long since disappeared. Yet, somehow, they managed to be at the right place at the right time, when history hung in the balance. They were at Pearl Harbor on a quiet Sunday morning when America suddenly found itself at war. They were at Surigao Straits, winning the last battleship surface engagement in history, while their newer sisters were off chasing decoys. And, fittingly, they were off the coast of Japan at the end of that great struggle, four long years after it began. While a case can be made that the US Navy's fast battleships were underemployed and misused, no such criticism can be made about the older battleships. They gave all that was asked and more, from the first shot of the war to the last.

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  • 6 mar 13 5:36
The Washington Treaty of 1922 brought a halt to an ambitious program of capital ship construction by the US Navy. Seven battleships and six battlecruisers were either broken up during construction or never started. One battleship, USS Washington (BB-47), was 75.9 per cent complete when work was abandoned on 8 February 1922. The treaty limited the United States Navy and Great Britain's Royal Navy to eighteen and twenty capital ships respectively, Japan to ten and France and Italy to fewer yet. In the decade that followed the signing of the treaty only two new battleships were completed, the Royal Navy's Nelson and Rodney which had been started in 1922 and were specifically permit­ted by the Washington Treaty because of the obsolescence of many of the RN's existing capital ships. Otherwise, there followed a 'holiday' in battleship construction broken only in 1932 by the laying down of France's 26,500t Dunkirque.

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  • 6 mar 13 5:36
The U.S. Navy had shown considerable interest in aviation as it emerged as a reliable technology at the end of the first and the beginning of the second decade of this century. But. in the U.S. Navy, as in other navies interested in aviation, there was a great deal of controversy over the best way to employ this new capability. There was disagreement even as to whether naval aviation should be considered an independent weapon, or simply an adjunct to the scouting forces in support of the battle line. The general success of air­craft in the land battles of the First World War very quickly led some Navy officials to push for experiments with combat aircraft at sea. Float planes were available, but these were too restricted by weather and sea conditions and were too encumbered by their floats to make effective combat aircraft. Shore-based naval aircraft were indistinguish­able from their land-based counterparts, but they were too restricted in range to be an effective weapon over large areas of open water. Both the U.S. and British Royal Navy saw that the potential of this new weapon would be exploited only if the aircraft could be launched from and recovered on ships at sea.

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The term "Silent Service" evokes images of Second World War submarines complete with foul air, battery acid and diesel fuel. The present day nuclear powered fleet ballistic missile submarine brings a new meaning to the term "Silent Service." With its slippery Black painted stealthy hull and ultra quiet machinery — its silence can be very deadly to any aggressor.
The first submarine was demonstrated in the Thames River. England by its builder, Dutchman Cornelius Drebbel in 1624. The boat was a wooden framework covered with oilsoaked leather and it submerged by contracting the sides thereby reducing internal air volume.
During the revolutionary war an American, David Bushnell. demonstrated the TURTLE, a submersible that featured a hand powered propeller and a ballast tank. The TURTLE made the first combat sortie by a submersible when Bushnell attempted to attack a British warship in New York Harbor; however, he failed in the attempt. Robert Fulton, the inventor of the steam boat, designed a submarine that incorporated the use of com­pressed air for crew breathing. The design employed a sail for surface propulsion and a hand cranked propeller for propulsion while submerged.
The first successful sinking of a warship by a submarine took place on 17 February 1864, by the Confederate States Ship HUNLEY and this attack revolutionized naval warfare. The CSS HUNLEY attacked and sank the Union Gunboat USS HOUSA-TONIC in Charleston, SC harbor. The CSS HUNLEY was armed with a torpedo sus­pended on a long spar ahead of the ship and the attack took place on the surface and at night. Both vessels were lost when the HUNLEY became entangled with the mortally wounded and sinking HOUSATONIC.

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When USS NICHOLAS (DD-449) was commissioned on 4 June 1942. Ihe even! was a sig­nificant one lor the U.S. Navy. It marked the entry into service of the first of 175 Fletcher Class destroyers. These destroyers not only represented a landmark design which would serve with distinction throughout the Second World War. but provided the basis lor the later Sumner and Gearing classes.
The Fletcher Class originated from a design submitted to the Naval Board in January of 1940 and appro\ed by the Secretary of the Navy on 27 January 1940. This design called for a ship of 2. KM) tons, powered by a 60.000 shp plant, with a length of 369 feel and capable of speeds up to 38 knots. She was to be armed with torpedoes, five inch guns (five turretsl. one quadruple I.I inch anti-aircraft gun mount, twenty-eight depth charges, and lour .50 caliber machine ^uns. Once the design was approved, orders for some twenty-four ships were placed and by the end of 1940. this number had been increased to 100. The shipyards involved were San Pedro and Long Beach. California. Chickasaw. Alabama. Orange. Texas and Seattle. Washington. With the U.S. entry into the Second World War. additional orders were placed bringing up the total to 175.
During late 1941 and early 1942. orders were issued to revise the ship's anti-aircraft arma­ment. The 1.1 inch guns were replaced with one twin 40\i\t Bofors mount and the .50 caliber machine gun mounts were replaced with single 20mm Oerlikon cannons. The early ships were all delivered without their SC air search and S(i surface search radar installations.
For anti-submarine duty, the ships were each filled with two depth charge tracks on the stem with eight depth charges and three K-gun throwers on each side of the rear deck.

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During World War II the United States twill three types of aircraft carriers, the Essex class heavy fleet carriers (CVs). the Independence class light carriers converted from cruisers (CVLs), and "escort" carriers, converted from merchant or tanker hulls (CVI-s). The 24 ships of the Essex class were not remarkable for any great design innovation, but essentially for being in the right place at the right time, and for doing well the task history gave them. Fourteen of the class saw action against Japan from 1943 to 1945, and all but the two most severelv damaged in the war saw extensive postwar action as licet carriers, antisubmarine cai ricrs. training carriers, and amphibious assaull ships. Despite its success, however, the Essex class was still unsatisfactory in many respects, ll was based on a class of ships restricted by treaty, its design was handicapped by a lack of operational experience, and it was forced to handle massive increases in aircraft size, antiaircraft armament and crew, all ol which resulted in serious overcrowding and overloading.

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Relates an important and neglected chapter of American Jewish history.

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In an age when world affairs are powerfully driven by personality, politics require an understanding of what motivates political leaders such as Hussein, Bush, Blair, and bin Laden. Through exacting case studies and the careful sifting of evidence, Jerrold Post and his team of contributors lay out an effective system of at-a-distance evaluation. Observations from political psychology, psycholinguistics and a range of other disciplines join forces to produce comprehensive political and psychological profiles, and a deeper understanding of the volatile influences of personality on global affairs.
Even in this age of free-flowing global information, capital, and people, sovereign states and boundaries remain the hallmark of the international order -- a fact which is especially clear from the events of September 11th and the War on Terrorism.
Jerrold M. Post, M.D., is Professor of Psychiatry, Political Psychology, and International Affairs, and Director of the Political Psychology Program at George Washington University. He is the founder of the CIA's Center for the Analysis of Personality and Political Behavior.

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