Was Robert E. Lee a gifted soldier whose only weaknesses lay in the depth of his loyalty to his troops, affection for his lieutenants, and dedication to the cause of the Confederacy? Or was he an ineffective leader and poor tactician whose reputation was drastically inflated by early biographers and Lost Cause apologists? These divergent characterizations represent the poles between which scholarly and popular opinion on Lee has swung over time. Now, in eight essays, Gary Gallagher offers his own refined thinking on Lee, exploring the relationship between Lee's operations and Confederate morale, the quality of his generalship, and the question of how best to handle his legacy in light of the many distortions that grew out of Lost Cause historiography.

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Gary L. Gallagher - Lee and His Army in Confederat e History (2000).rar

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Herbert H., Jr. Harwood - Invisible Giants, The Em pires of Cleveland's Van Sweringen Brothers (2002).jpg

Invisible Giants is the Horatio Alger-esque tale of a pair of reclusive Cleveland brothers, Oris Paxton and Mantis James Van Sweringen, who rose from poverty to become two of the most powerful men in America. They controlled the country's largest railroad system -- a network of track reaching from the Atlantic to Salt Lake City and from Ontario to the Gulf of Mexico. On the eve of the Great Depression they were close to controlling the country's first coast-to-coast rail system -- a goal that still eludes us. They created the model upper-class suburb of Shaker Heights, Ohio, with its unique rapid transit access. They built Cleveland's landmark Terminal Tower and its innovative "city within a city" complex. Indisputably, they created modern Cleveland. Yet beyond a small, closely knit circle, the bachelor Van Sweringen brothers were enigmas. Their actions were aggressive, creative, and bold, but their manner was modest, mild, and retiring. Dismissed by many as mere shoestring financial manipulators, they created enduring works, which remain strong today. The Van Sweringen story begins in early-20th-century Cleveland suburban real estate and reaches its zenith in the heady late 1920s, amid the turmoil of national transportation power politics and unprecedented empire-building. As the Great Depression destroyed many of their fellow financiers, the "Vans" survived through imaginative stubbornness -- until tragedy ended their careers almost simultaneously. Invisible Giants is the first comprehensive biography of these two remarkable if mysterious men.

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Herbert H., Jr. Harwood - Invisible Giants, The Em pires of Cleveland's Van Sweringen Brothers (2002).pdf

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Osprey - Campaign 79 - Rene Chartrand - Louisbourg 1758, Wolfe's first siege (2000).jpg

Louisbourg represented a major threat to Anglo-American plans to invade Canada. By-passing it would leave an immensely powerful enemy base astride the Anglo-American lines of communication – Louisbourg had to be taken. The siege itself was a tremendous pounding match. Faced with strong beach defences and rough weather, it took six days to land the troops and was only achieved by a stroke of daring on the part of a young Brigadier named James Wolfe who managed to turn the French beach position. The story is largely based on first-hand accounts from the journals of several participants including Amherst and of French Governor Drucour's, whose excellent account has never been published.

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Ziauddin Sardar, Merryl Wyn Davies - American Drea m, Global Nightmare (2004).jpg

This title brings into sharp focus the merger of celebrity, corporate power, government and empire which has become an essential part of America's belief in itself as a nation.

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Ziauddin Sardar, Merryl Wyn Davies - American Drea m, Global Nightmare (2004).pdf

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William L. Richter - The A to Z of the Old South ( 2009).jpg

Numerous cross-referenced entries on prominent individuals, including Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Robert E. Lee, and Abraham Lincoln, as well as others on policies of the time that have since slipped into oblivion are all covered in this book. Economic, social and religious backgrounds trace the seemingly inevitable path to secession, war, and defeat. This reference also includes an introductory essay, a chronology, and a bibliography of the epoch.

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William L. Richter - The A to Z of the Old South ( 2009).pdf

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Osprey - Graphic History 06 - Dan Abnett - Gamble For Victory, Battle Of Gettysburg (2006).jpg

In July 1863, after having observed a forward column of Union General George G. Meade's cavalry, General Robert E. Lee sent his 75,000 men of the Army of Northern Virginia to meet the 97,000 strong Union Army of the Potomac.
Of more than 2,000 land engagements of the American Civil War, Gettysburg ranks as one of the most horrific and devastating battles; more men actually fought and died on this battlefield than in any other encounter on North American soil and the battle itself marked the beginning of the end for the Confederacy.

Aimed at a young audience with the intention of fostering an interest in history, this volume in the Osprey Graphic History series recounts the most famous battle of the American Civil War. Although its heart is in the right place, this hybrid of textbook and comics-style format suffers from a stiffness of execution that harks back to the pedantic delivery of the most tedious professor. For those unfamiliar with the event, in 1863 President Jefferson Davis, of the Confederate States of America, and Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee developed a strategy to invade the North, to force President Lincoln to recall troops to defend the capital and to prevent further depletion of waning Southern resources. When the opposing forces happened to meet in Gettysburg, Pa., the bloody confrontation made its way into the pages of history. Abnett's script, like Verma's art, gets the facts straight without creating much drama. Although this volume may give reluctant readers a window on history, this volume is best avoided by the casual reader.

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Osprey - Graphic History 07 - Larry Hama - Fight t o the Death, Battle of Guadalcanal (2007).jpg

The battle of Guadalcanal brutally shattered the myth of Japanese invincibility. August 7, 1942, marked the first American amphibious assault of World War II, and the first attempt to secure the Japanese-controled island of Guadalcanal. Over 30,000 American and Japanese casualties were suffered during five months of some of the war's most vicious fighting.

From the ranks of the units that contested this campaign a seasoned fighting force of US veterans was created that, island by island, would sweep the Japanese back across the Pacific. The US Marines and Army halted the apparently unconquerable Japanese advance in its tracks.

This full-color comic book includes further reading, essential information on the background, aftermath and key players of the conflict. Its gripping comic strip narrative places the reader at the heart of the action, providing a thrilling account of the arduous struggle that faced soldiers such as valiant Medal of Honor winner Captain Joe Foss, and illustrates the Allies' first major offensive action of the Pacific War.

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Warren C. Robinson - Jeb Stuart and the Confederat e Defeat at Gettysburg (2007).jpg

The Army was much embarrassed by the absence of the cavalry, Robert E. Lee wrote of the Gettysburg campaign, stirring a controversy that has never died. Lees statement was an indirect indictment of General James Ewell Brown Stuart, who was the cavalry. This book reexamines the questions that have shadowed the legendary Confederate hero and offers a fresh, informed interpretation of his role at Gettysburg.
Avoiding the partisan pros and cons characterizing previous accounts, Warren C. Robinson reassesses the historical record to come to a clearer view of Stuarts orders for the crucial battle (as well as what was expected of him), of his actual performance, and of the impact his late arrival had on the outcome of the campaign. Though Stuart may not have disobeyed Lees orders, Robinson argues, he did abuse the generals discretion by raiding Washington rather than scouting for the army at Gettysburga move that profoundly affected the Confederate fortunes and perhaps the war itself.

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Warren C. Robinson - Jeb Stuart and the Confederat e Defeat at Gettysburg (2007).pdf

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William L. Richter - Historical Dictionary of the Old South (2005).jpg

Numerous cross-referenced entries on prominent individuals, including Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Robert E. Lee, and Abraham Lincoln, as well as others on policies of the time that have since slipped into oblivion are all covered in this book.Economic, social and religious backgrounds trace the seemingly inevitable path to secession, war and defeat. This reference also includes an introductory essay, a chronology and a bibliography of the epoch.

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7,6 MB
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William L. Richter - Historical Dictionary of the Old South (2005).pdf

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Robert Maranto - The Politically Correct Universit y, Problems, Scope, and Reform (2009).jpg

Political correctness if one of the primary enemies of freedom of thought in higher education today, undermining our ability to acquire, transmit, and process knowledge. Political correctness limits the variation of ideas by an ideologically driven concern for hue rather than view. This volume is not simply another rant; there are good data here, along with well-crafted, hard-to-ignore logical interpretations and arguments. It is the sort of work that those who adhere to idea-limiting notions of the university will try to trivialize. That alone should make it important reading.
--Michael Schwartz, president emeritus, Kent State University and Cleveland State University
"Half a century ago, universities were the institutions characterized by vibrant free inquiry and free speech. Today something close to the opposite is the case. The Politically Correct University shows how the universities' quest for 'diversity' has produced in too many departments a stifling uniformity of thought. Required reading for those who want American universities to eschew political correctness."
--Michael Barone, resident fellow, American Enterprise Institute

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Robert Maranto - The Politically Correct Universit y, Problems, Scope, and Reform (2009).pdf

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John J. Mearsheimer - Why Leaders Lie. The Truth A bout Lying in International Politics (2011).jpg

For more than two decades, John J. Mearsheimer has been regarded as one of the foremost realist thinkers on foreign policy. Clear and incisive as well as a fearlessly honest analyst, his coauthored 2007 New York Times bestseller, The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, aroused a firestorm with its unflinching look at the making of America's Middle East policy. Now he takes a look at another controversial but understudied aspect of international relations: lying.

In Why Leaders Lie, Mearsheimer provides the first systematic analysis of lying as a tool of statecraft, identifying the varieties, the reasons, and the potential costs and benefits. Drawing on a wealth of examples, he argues that leaders often lie for good strategic reasons, so a blanket condemnation is unrealistic and unwise. Yet there are other kinds of deception besides lying, including concealment and spinning. Perhaps no distinction is more important than that between lying to another state and lying to one's own people. Mearsheimer was amazed to discover how unusual interstate lying has been; given the atmosphere of distrust among the great powers, he found that outright deceit is difficult to pull off and thus rarely worth the effort. Moreover, it sometimes backfires when it does occur. Khrushchev lied about the size of the Soviet missile force, sparking an American build-up. Eisenhower was caught lying about U-2 spy flights in 1960, which scuttled an upcoming summit with Krushchev. Leaders are more likely to mislead their own publics than other states, sometimes with damaging consequences. Though the reasons may be noble--Franklin Roosevelt, for example, lied to the American people about German U-boats attacking the destroyer USS Greer in 1940, to build a case for war against Hitler-they can easily lead to disaster, as with the Bush administration's falsehoods about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction.

There has never been a sharp analysis of international lying. Now a leading expert provides a richly informed and powerfully argued work that will change our understanding of why leaders lie.

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John J. Mearsheimer - Why Leaders Lie. The Truth A bout Lying in International Politics (2011).pdf

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Simon Payaslian - United States Policy Toward the Armenian Question and the Armenian Genocide (2005).jpg

This comprehensive analysis of American policy toward the Armenian Question and the Armenian Genocide focuses on the important role big business played in keeping the United States from more actively opposing the genocide, despite broad public opinion calling for greater action. It surveys the historical evolution of U.S. policy toward the Ottoman Empire since the early nineteenth century and examines the extent to which the missionary community, commercial interests, and international economic and geopolitical competitions shaped U.S. policy during the administrations of McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.

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Simon Payaslian - United States Policy Toward the Armenian Question and the Armenian Genocide (2005) [PDF].rar

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Alan Ware - The Democratic Party Heads North, 1877 -1962 (2006).jpg

This book examines the dynamics of the American party system and explores how contemporary American politics was formed. Specifically, it asks how the Democrats could become sufficiently competitive in the American North as to be able to construct a national political majority. It rejects the conventional account, based on 'realignment theory', that between the end of Reconstruction and the Civil Rights Revolution, the base level of support for the Democratic party varied greatly from one era to another. Instead, by distinguishing between the 'building blocks' available to the Democrats in coalition formation and the aggregation of those 'blocks' into an actual coalition, the author shows that there was much less variation over time in the available 'blocks' than is usually argued. Neither the economic depression of 1893 nor the New Deal had the impact on the party system that most political scientists claim.

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Alan Ware - The Democratic Party Heads North, 1877 -1962 (2006) [PDF].rar

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Gary L. Gregg, Mark J. Rozell - Considering the Bu sh Presidency (2003).jpg

George W. Bush became president under some of the most unusual circumstances in U.S. history. After a contested election in which Bush lost the popular vote, many people felt that he would have difficulty establishing his legitimacy to lead. The events of September 11, 2001 transformed the Bush presidency, as his domestic policy agenda took a back seat to the international fight against terrorism. Considering the Bush Presidency is the first broad-ranging scholarly review and analysis of the George W. Bush presidency. Written by leading political science scholars, it covers such topics as presidential leadership of Congress, public opinion leadership, the symbolic presidency, presidential war powers, the Bush transition, staffing the Bush presidency, executive privilege battles, and Cheney as vice president. It examines the remarkable events and the leadership of an administration that has already become one of the most important to study in the modern era.

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Gary L. Gregg, Mark J. Rozell - Considering the Bu sh Presidency (2003).pdf

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James W. Cummings - Towards Modern Public Finance, The American War With Mexico 1846-1848 (2009).jpg

This is the first in-depth study to address the financing of the American-Mexican War of 1846-48. Floating the Mexican War loans was the greatest single endeavour of the American financial community during the 1840s. Under President Polk, the Treasury issued three loans totalling $49 000 000. Investment bankers enthusiastically marketed these treasury notes and bonds directly to the international investing public. Cummings argues that the successful financing of the American-Mexican War had a long-term beneficial effect on American financial institutions and markets. At home, the stability of the Independent Treasury was assured, and abroad, America's international credit standing was restored. Most importantly, the dealing of government issue by investment bankers was a decisive step towards modern public finance.

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James W. Cummings - Towards Modern Public Finance, The American War With Mexico 1846-1848 (2009).pdf

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 273 - Marko Zlatich - General Washington's Army, (1) 1775 - 1778 (1994).jpg

During the period 1775-78, General Washington commanded three separate armies: the New England Army of 1775; the one-year army of the United Colonies, renamed Army of the United States in July 1776; and the forces established by the Continental Congress to serve for three years from January 1777, or for the duration. In this, the first of two studies by Marko Zlatich (Men-at Arms 290 continues the treatment, covering the period from 1779-83), the systems used by state and Continental authorities to procure clothing materials, the quantities they obtained and the specifications of the uniforms themselves are all examined in detail. Men-at-Arms 273, 285, 289, 290 and 292 are also available in a single volume special edition as ‘Soldiers of the Revolutionary War’.

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 290 - Marko Zlatich - General Washington's Army, (2) 1779 - 1783 (1995).jpg

For the early years of the American War of Independence, George Washington’s troops were clothed in a variety of uniforms from various sources. With the receipt in late 1778 of over 25,000 uniforms imported from France, much of the Continental army was uniformly clothed in blue or brown coats faced with red. This study by Marko Zlatich focuses on the systems used by state and Continental authorities to procure clothing materials from this point onwards, the quantities they obtained and the specifications of the uniforms themselves. Eight colour plates by the talented Bill Younghusband and a plethora of black and white photographs and illustrations usefully support the author’s detailed text. Men-at-Arms 273, 285, 289, 290 and 292 are also available in a single volume special edition as ‘Soldiers of the Revolutionary War’.

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