Teeming with a population of 3.5 million at the end of the 19th century, the island of Manhattan couldn't meet the city's demand for rapid transit with its horse-drawn trolleys and elevated train lines. New York City needed a subway system. After four years of digging and diverting miles of utilities and tunneling under the Harlem River, the city's residents celebrated a new era in mass transit on October 27, 1904, with the opening of a nine-mile subway route. In the century to come, the New York subway would grow and expand to a system that runs 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with 6,400 cars, 468 stations, a daily ridership of 4.5 million, and 842 miles of track - longer than the distance from New York to Chicago. Politics, graffiti, and unbelievable construction challenges combined to make the building and running of the New York subway system one of the America's greatest civic undertakings.

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Building America, Then and Now - Ronald A. Reis - The New York City Subway System (2009).pdf

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Building America, Then and Now - John Murphy - Joh n Murphy - The Telephone; Wiring America (2009).jpg

Alexander Graham Bell's request for his assistant to 'come here' revolutionized the way America's citizens communicated with one another. Bell's seemingly humble but transformative invention, the telephone remains a crucial part of daily life and is used by billions of people worldwide every day. With the far-reaching network it spawned, it drew out its most isolated citizens and gathered the populace into a simultaneously intimate and national conversation. A nation of remote farmhouses, suburban families, and city dwellers could now be connected to each other over great distances. The telephone's integration into society now makes it impossible to imagine the technological and social achievements of the 20th century without it.

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Building America, Then and Now - John Murphy - Joh n Murphy - The Telephone; Wiring America (2009).pdf

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Building America, Then and Now - John Murphy - The Eisenhower Interstate System (2009).jpg

In the wake of the Great Depression, two wars, and at the dawn of the cold war, President Dwight D. Eisenhower viewed a 'national road' system as vital to the nation's interest on several counts: defense, commerce, safety, and unity. The Interstate Highway Act of 1956 created the vast network of superhighways, beltlines, and spurs of the modern-day highway system. More than 40,000 miles bound the 50 states together as an interconnected whole. The Interstate Highway System is an enduring marvel of conception, design, and construction. The undertaking became the largest public works program in American history, and its creation showcased the can-do American spirit of ambition, intelligence, and know-how.

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Building America, Then and Now - John Murphy - The Eisenhower Interstate System (2009) [PDF].rar

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Building America, Then and Now - Louise Chipley Sl avicek - New York City's Central Park (2009).jpg

New York City's Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States, with more than 25 million visitors each year. Designed in 1857 by the man who would become America's most famous landscape architect, Frederick Law Olmsted, and his partner, Calvert Vaux, Central Park was intended to provide New Yorkers with a serene and scenic 'rural' refuge from the noise and bustle of city life. Yet transforming the rocky, swampy park site into the rolling meadows, lush woodlands, and pristine lakes would prove an extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive endeavor. Thousands of workers drained marshes, blasted away boulders, and planted a quarter billion trees, flowers, and shrubs to create the 843-acre green oasis envisioned by Olmsted and Vaux in the heart of Manhattan.

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Building America, Then and Now - Louise Chipley Sl avicek - New York City's Central Park (2009).pdf

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Building America, Then and Now - Paul Kupperberg - The Alaska Highway (2009).jpg

In early 1942, the first of more than 18,000 U.S. military and civilian workers and countless tons of equipment were shipped across Canada and Alaska to one of the most inhospitable regions in the world. Their mission is to build a 1,500-mile-long highway through the Canadian and Alaskan wildernesses to link remote Fairbanks, Alaska, with the existing U.S. Highway System. Started three months after the devastating Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, a good highway was needed to access America's northernmost territory should Alaska require extra defense in the event of a Japanese attack via the Aleutian Islands. Work crews had a mere eight months to complete this task, the largest and most complex construction project since the building of the Panama Canal almost 40 years earlier.

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Building America, Then and Now - Paul Kupperberg - The Alaska Highway (2009).pdf

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Building America, Then and Now - Ronald A. Reis - The Empire State Building (2009).jpg

It was to be a structure like no other - the largest and tallest skyscraper in the world. Initial plans for the Empire State Building called for an Art Deco masterwork to rise 1,000 feet, with 80 stories of rental space. The high-rise was to completely fill the 84,000-square-foot site of the former Waldorf-Astoria, then New York's most opulent hotel. The Empire State Building would, hopefully, accelerate Midtown's stride toward commercial prominence, pulling more business uptown. Built in the early years of the Great Depression, during which one out of four New Yorkers was out of work, the Empire State Building's construction was thought by many to be a foolish undertaking. Yet, it was completed under budget and ahead of schedule, and the new commercial colossus would stand to see a new day dawning - for New York, for America, and for the world.

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Building America, Then and Now - Ronald A. Reis - The Empire State Building (2009) [PDF].rar

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Pancho McFarland - Chicano Rap; Gender and Violenc e in the Postindustrial Barrio (2008).jpg

Powered by a driving beat, clever lyrics, and assertive attitudes, rap music and hip hop culture have engrossed American youth since the mid-1980s. Although the first rappers were African Americans, rap and hip hop culture quickly spread to other ethnic groups who have added their own cultural elements to the music. Chicano Rap offers the first in-depth look at how Chicano/a youth have adopted and adapted rap music and hip hop culture to express their views on gender and violence, as well as on how Chicano/a youth fit into a globalizing world.

Pancho McFarland examines over five hundred songs and seventy rap artists from all the major Chicano rap regions—San Diego, San Francisco and Northern California, Texas, and Chicago and the Midwest. He discusses the cultural, political, historical, and economic contexts in which Chicano rap has emerged and how these have shaped the violence and misogyny often expressed in Chicano rap and hip hop. In particular, he argues that the misogyny and violence of Chicano rap are direct outcomes of the "patriarchal dominance paradigm" that governs human relations in the United States. McFarland also explains how globalization, economic restructuring, and the conservative shift in national politics have affected Chicano/a youth and Chicano rap. He concludes with a look at how Xicana feminists, some Chicano rappers, and other cultural workers are striving to reach Chicano/a youth with a democratic, peaceful, empowering, and liberating message.

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Pancho McFarland - Chicano Rap; Gender and Violenc e in the Postindustrial Barrio (2008).pdf

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Nancy Bernkopf Tucker - China Confidential; Americ an Diplomats and Sino-American Relations, 1945-199 6 (2001).jpg

USA Books1 - Nancy Bernkopf Tucker - China Confidential American D...Diplomats and Sino-American Relations, 1945-1996 2001.jpg

A coherent and informative insider's view of a half century of Sino-American relations.... Veteran China watchers will enjoy the stories of people who for many were old friends, and those new to the field will enjoy a wonderful introduction to an insider's view of an important era of diplomatic history.

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Ronald L., II Jackson - Scripting the Black Mascul ine Body; Identity, Discourse, And Racial Politics in Popular Media (2006).jpg

USA Books1 - Ronald L., II Jackson - Scripting the Black Masculine... Discourse, And Racial Politics in Popular Media 2006.jpg

Traces the origins of Black body politics in the United States and its contemporary manifestations in hip-hop music and film.

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Ronald L., II Jackson - Scripting the Black Mascul ine Body; Identity, Discourse, And Racial Politics in Popular Media (2006).pdf

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Dan Cooper - Enrico Fermi; And the Revolutions of Modern Physics (1999).jpg

In 1938, at the age of 37, Enrico Fermi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. That same year he emigrated from Italy to the United States and, in the course of his experiments, discovered nuclear fissiona process which forms the basis of nuclear power and atomic bombs. Soon the brilliant physicist was involved in the top secret race to produce the deadliest weapon on Earth. He created the first self-sustaining chain reaction, devised new methods for purifying plutonium, and eventually participated in the first atomic test. This compelling biography traces Fermis education in Italy, his meteoric career in the scientific world, his escape from fascism to America, and the ingenious experiments he devised and conducted at the University of Rome, Columbia University, and the Los Alamos laboratory. The book also presents a mini-course in quantum and nuclear physics in an accessible, fast-paced narrative that invokes all the dizzying passion of Fermis brilliant discoveries.

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Dan Cooper - Enrico Fermi; And the Revolutions of Modern Physics (1999).pdf

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Graeme R. Newman - Crime and Punishment around the World, Volume 2; The Americas (2010).jpg

It is a subject as old as civil society, yet one that still fuels debate. Now the many and varied aspects of that subject are brought together in the four-volume Crime and Punishment around the World. This unprecedented work provides descriptions of crimes—and the justice systems that define and punish them—in more than 200 nations, principalities, and dependencies.

Each chapter examines the historical, political, and cultural background, as well as the basic organization of the subject state's legal and criminal justice system. It also reports on the types and levels of crime, the processes leading to the finding of guilt, the rights of the accused, alternatives to going to trial, how suspects are prosecuted for their crimes, and the techniques and conditions of typical punishments employed. Comprising a study that is at once extraordinarily comprehensive and minutely detailed, the essays collected here showcase the variety and the universality of crime and punishment the world over.

The second volume of Crime and Punishment around the World encompasses North, Central, and South America, as well as the Caribbean islands. The Navajo Nation of the United States is also included in this volume. With respect to crime and punishment, the Americas are often categorized as having both high violent crime rates and high imprisonment rates. Although the maps in this volume show that these assessments are somewhat accurate, the range of the physical sizes of these countries obscures some of the diversity in crime and punishment patterns.

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Graeme R. Newman - Crime and Punishment around the World, Volume 2; The Americas (2010).pdf

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Molly Lee - Not Just a Pretty Face; Dolls and Huma n Figurines in Alaska Native Cultures (2006).jpg

Now in a full-color second edition, Not Just a Pretty Face is an engaging exploration of the role of dolls and doll making in Alaska Native cultures. From ancient ivory carvings to the thriving tourist market, dolls and human figurines have played integral parts in the ritual, economic, and social lives of Native Alaskans. Dolls served as children’s playthings, represented absent community members at ceremonies, and predicted the movements of game animals for shamans. Not Just a Pretty Face surveys these and other uses of dolls and figurines, illustrating in beautiful color photographs the diversity of the doll-making tradition in Eskimo, Athabaskan, and Northwest Coast Native communities.

Authors explore the ethnographic literature, twentieth-century oral histories, and photographic documentation of dolls and the doll-making process. Contemporary doll makers explain, in their own words, how they learned to make dolls and what doll making means to them. The second edition features a photo essay on Rosalie Paniyak of Chevak, one of the most influential doll makers in Alaska today.

Not Just a Pretty Face provides a panoramic view of an ancient tradition and situates the art of doll making within a contemporary context. Scholarly, yet accessible, Not Just a Pretty Face is a lively contribution to the literature on dolls, anthropology, and Native studies.

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Molly Lee - Not Just a Pretty Face; Dolls and Huma n Figurines in Alaska Native Cultures (2006).pdf

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Osprey-Bellona - Jednostki Doborowe 03 - Gordon Ro ttman - Zielone Berety. Siły specjalne armii USA 1 952-84 (1996).jpg

USA Books1 - Osprey-Bellona - Jednostki Doborowe 03 - Gordon Rottm...Zielone Berety. Siły specjalne armii USA 1952-84 1996.jpg

Od pierwszych chwil istnienia Siły Specjalne Armii USA (US Special Force - SF) wzbudzały kontrowersje, ich zadania nie zawsze były rozumiane, a samo istnienie niekiedy spotykało się ze sprzeciwem części kierownictwa Armii USA. Tajność jest nierozerwalnie związana z charakterem Sił Specjalnych, a żołnierz SF z natury rzeczy zachowuje dla siebie uzyskane w czasie służby informacje, Z tych też względów niewiele napisano na ten temat - wyjątek stanowią pamiętniki, no i oczywiście fantastyka.

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Osprey-Bellona - Jednostki Doborowe 03 - Gordon Ro ttman - Zielone Berety. Siły specjalne armii USA 1 952-84 (1996).pdf

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Jo Franceschina - Harry B. Smith; Dean of American Librettists (2003).jpg

Harry B. Smith was the most prolific writer of librettos for the American musical theatre in history with nearly half of his 300 works actually opening in New York City. In addition, Smith was instrumental in adapting and popularizing foreign musicals in America, enabling a significant influence of writing and composing styles on American shows. He worked with every major composer in American between 1880 and 1920, and consequently this examination of his work and process is highly instructive of the history of the American musical.

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Jo Franceschina - Harry B. Smith; Dean of American Librettists (2003).pdf

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Mark R. Nemec - Ivory Towers and Nationalist Minds ; Universities, Leadership, and the Development of the American State (2006).jpg

USA Books1 - Mark R. Nemec - Ivory Towers and Nationalist Minds Un...rship, and the Development of the American State 2006.jpg

Ivory Towers and Nationalist Minds traces the rise of the great American universities through their formative years, 1862-1920, examining the role of these schools and their leadership in shaping American politics and public policy. Nemec's provocative study demonstrates that universities provided the intellectual and institutional apparatus needed to legitimize federal authority. His work challenges existing scholarship by documenting how the influx of academic expertise into the developing American state was fostered by campus entrepreneurs seeking to establish the social relevance of their institutions, rather than by the state itself.

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