Rome - Rzym - Voldemort89 - Chomikuj.pl, Strona 17

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K. M. Gilliver - Caesar's Gallic Wars 58-50 BC (20 03).pdf

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Pat Southern - The Roman Empire from Severus to Co nstantine (2001).jpg

The growing threat from Germanic tribes and the Persian Empire, combined with internal difficulties, shook Rome to the core. In many respects the Empire should have collapsed, yet it didn't. Pat Southern's elegant narrative synthesizes a wealth of recent scholarship to bring the era to life.

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Pat Southern - The Roman Empire from Severus to Co nstantine (2001).pdf

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Jane F. Gardner - Being a Roman Citizen (1993).jpg

This is a book about Roman law for Roman historians. It reveals that the rules stated baldly in legal textbooks had a real and active function in maintaining the fabric of Roman society. Besides legal texts and literary sources, the book makes use of epigraphic material, including recent finds from Popleii which show law in action in the commercial life of Puteoli. The rights and duties of Roman citizens in private life were affected by certain basic differences in their formal status. Women, ex-slaves, adults with living fathers, convicted criminals, play-actors--even the blind, deaf and dumb, and the mentally ill--although all citizens, were far from having equal legal rights and capacities. The book examines in detail what the particular legal disabilities were which affected each group and also what the practical implications of these were for the conduct of daily life. It also considers whether and how they may be related to the distinctively Roman institution of patria potestas, and to direct personal participation and interaction, which was a legal requirement for most transactions with legal consequences for persons and property. In Being a Roman Citizen, Jane F. Gardner sheds light on Roman citizenship and challenges common assumptions about the reasons for discrimination between individuals and about the social attitudes implied.

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Jane F. Gardner - Being a Roman Citizen (1993).pdf

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Thoma Wiedemann - Emperors and Gladiators (1992).jpg

Of all aspects of Roman culture, the gladiatorial contests for which the Romans built their amphitheatres are at once the most fascinating and the most difficult for us to come to terms with. Since antiquity, a number of theories have been put forward to explain their importance. They have been seen as sacrifices to the gods or, at funerals, to the souls of the deceased; as a mechanism for introducing and inuring young Romans to the horrors of fighting; and as a substitute for the warfare which the Roman people were no longer directly involved in after the emperors imposed peace in the first two centuries A.D.
Thomas Wiedemann considers why these theories cannot by themselves explain the importance of the 'Games,' their association with the emperors, and their decline as the Roman world became Christian. He begins by examining the role of public ceremonies in the context of competition with the Roman elite, as public demonstrations both of the power of the Roman community as a whole, and of the 'virtue' of a particular public figure; and it ends by examining how emperors, often seeking to identify themselves with the civilising hero Hercules, used the games in the amphitheatre to advertise the legitimacy of their government. In between, gladiatorial duels are considered in the context of the destruction of wild beasts and of criminals in the arena; in comparison with the Romans' natural and human enemies, gladiators symbolised the possibility of re-integration into Roman society by proving that they possessed the most crucial Roman virtue, fighting ability. Gladiators were 'marginal' ambivalent figures, and therefore heavily criticised by many ancient writers. But these objections were not humanitarian in any modern sense. When Christian Romans rejected gladiatorial games, it was because they were a rival representation of the possibility of resurrection: Easter and Christmas replaced gladiators Emperors and Gladiators is fully illustrated and it draws on the latest epigraphical evidence in order to present an original and comprehensive study of the changing significance of gladiatorial contests to Roman culture.

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Thoma Wiedemann - Emperors and Gladiators (1992).pdf

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Esmonde-Cleary - The Ending of Roman Britain (2000 ).jpg

The Ending of Roman Britain explains what Britain was like in the fourth century AD and how this can be understood only in the wider context of the Western Roman Empire. The emphasis is on the information to be won from archaeology rather than history, leading to a compelling explanation of the fall of Roman Britain and some novel suggestions about the place of post-Roman population in the formation of England.

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Kenne Wellesley - The Year of the Four Emperors (2 004).jpg

"...unfolds with masterly skill the tale of the conflict and intrigue of this critical time of transition from the Julio-Claudians to the Flavian Emperors....The excellent and compelling narrative is enriched by a wealth of background...." -- Times Educational Supplement on the previous edition. After the death of the infamous Nero in AD 68, the Romans might have hoped that AD 69 would usher in a new era of peace and stability. It was not to be! Before January was out, the new emperor, Galba, had been brutally assassinated, and the next two successors to the imperial throne, Otho and Vitellius, were to meet equally violent ends. This period of turmoil also saw two desperate battles at Cremona, the capture of ROme for Vespasian - fourth and final emperor of the year - and a civil war in Italy which shook the farthest reaches of the Empire. Kenneth Wellesley's gripping acount combines an elegant and exciting narrative with sound, meticulous scholarship based on his intimate knowledge of the Historiesof Tacitus. Now with a new Introduction by Barbara Levick, the book will once more be welcomed as the standard work on this turbulent period in Rome's imperial past.

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Kenne Wellesley - The Year of the Four Emperors (2 004).pdf

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Charles M Odahl - Constantine and the Christian Em pire (2004).jpg

This detailed biographical narrative reveals how the greatest emperor of Late Antiquity transformed Christianity from a persecuted minority cult into an established majority religion, and changed the pagan state of classical Rome into the Christian empire of the Byzantine era. Assessed within the context of the third century crisis and fourth century revival of the Roman Empire, Constantine emerges as one the most astute political leaders, great field commanders, sincere religious reformers and extensive imperial builders among the long line of Roman Emperors. The author's comprehensive knowledge of the literary sources, and his extensive research into the material remains of Constantine's reign, mean this volume provides a more rounded and accurate portrait of the emperor than ever before. Extensively illustrated and fully documented, Constantine and the Christian Empire is a landmark publication in Roman imperial, early Christian and Byzantine imperial history.

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Charles M Odahl - Constantine and the Christian Em pire (2004).pdf

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Holly Haynes - The History of Make-Believe, Tacitu s on Imperial Rome (2003).jpg

A theoretically sophisticated and illuminating reading of Tacitus, especially the Histories, this work points to a new understanding of the logic of Roman rule during the early Empire.
Tacitus, in Holly Haynes' analysis, does not write about the reality of imperial politics and culture but about the imaginary picture that imperial society makes of these concrete conditions of existence--the "making up and believing" that figure in both the subjective shaping of reality and the objective interpretation of it. Haynes traces Tacitus's development of this fingere/credere dynamic both backward and forward from the crucial year A.D. 69. Using recent theories of ideology, especially within the Marxist and psychoanalytic traditions, she exposes the psychic logic lurking behind the actions and inaction of the protagonists of the Histories. Her work demonstrates how Tacitus offers penetrating insights into the conditions of historical knowledge and into the psychic logic of power and its vicissitudes, from Augustus through the Flavians. By clarifying an explicit acknowledgment of the difficult relationship between res and verba, in the Histories, Haynes shows how Tacitus calls into question the possibility of objective knowing--how he may in fact be the first to allow readers to separate the objectively knowable from the objectively unknowable. Thus, Tacitus appears here as going further toward identifying the object of historical inquiry--and hence toward an "objective" rendering of history--than most historians before or since.

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Holly Haynes - The History of Make-Believe, Tacitu s on Imperial Rome (2003).pdf

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Claudia Rapp - Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity, The Nature of Christian Leadership in an Age of Trans ition (2005).jpg

Rome - Claudia Rapp - Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity, The Nature...ure of Christian Leadership in an Age of Transition 2005.jpg

Between 300 and 600, Christianity experienced a momentous change from persecuted cult to state religion. One of the consequences of this shift was the evolution of the role of the bishop--as the highest Church official in his city--from model Christian to model citizen. Claudia Rapp's exceptionally learned, innovative, and groundbreaking work traces this transition with a twofold aim: to deemphasize the reign of the emperor Constantine, which has traditionally been regarded as a watershed in the development of the Church as an institution, and to bring to the fore the continued importance of the religious underpinnings of the bishop's role as civic leader.
Rapp rejects Max Weber's categories of "charismatic" versus "institutional" authority that have traditionally been used to distinguish the nature of episcopal authority from that of the ascetic and holy man. Instead she proposes a model of spiritual authority, ascetic authority and pragmatic authority, in which a bishop's visible asceticism is taken as evidence of his spiritual powers and at the same time provides the justification for his public role. In clear and graceful prose, Rapp provides a wholly fresh analysis of the changing dynamics of social mobility as played out in episcopal appointments.

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Claudia Rapp - Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity, The Nature of Christian Leadership in an Age of Trans ition (2005).pdf

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We Cotter C.S.J - Miracles in Greco-Roman Antiquit y, A Sourcebook for the Study of New Testament (19 99).jpg

Miracles in Greco-Roman Antiquity presents a collection in translation of miracle stories from the ancient world. This interesting new work is divided up into four main categories including healing, exorcism, nature and raising the dead. Wendy Cotter contextualizes the miracles within the background of the Greco-Roman world and also compares the stories to other Jewish and non-Jewish miracle stories. This collection will be of interest to readers interested in miracle narratives from all parts of the Greco-Roman world.

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We Cotter C.S.J - Miracles in Greco-Roman Antiquit y, A Sourcebook for the Study of New Testament (19 99).pdf

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Brian W. Jones - The Emperor Domitian (1992).jpg

Domitian, Emperor of Rome AD 81-96, has traditionally been portrayed as a bloodthirsty tyrant, responsible for bringing a "reign of terror" to the throne. Yet The Emperor Domitian challenges these beliefs, showing him to be an able, meticulous administrator, a reformer of the economy, and an architectural genius, who, with his massive building program, insured that that Rome would be be the capitol of the world in appearance as well as fact. Dr. Jones' biography of the emperor is the first ever in English and the first in any language for nearly a century. Jones proves that Domitian's achievements were far more substantial than originally believed, thus reversing the traditional view of Domitian as a feckless leader. Jones also stresses how Domitian's reputation and breadth of power benefited from his relationship to the court, his relationship to the court, a ruling body whose influence outstripped even that of the senate. This biography also challenges many of the assumptions concerning Domitian's connection with the persecution of the early Christians. Domitian remains one of Rome's most important and intriguing rulers. Historians of the period will do well to read this biography, which is, in part, a critical rehabilitation of Domitian's reputation.

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Jurgen Malitz - Nero (1999).jpg

The fifth Roman emperor, Nero has gone down in history as the archetypal narcissistic tyrant. In this fascinating new biography, Jurgen Malitz invites readers to reconsider Nero's reputation. Malitz focuses on the growing tension between Nero's artistic tendencies and the political role for which his ambitious mother, Agrippina the Younger, groomed him. The author reveals how, after sound beginnings under Seneca and other serious men, Nero succumbed to his love of acting; and how, while using the arts to please the people, Nero alienated the senate with his increasingly autocratic style. Finally, he explains how Nero met his untimely end following a failure of nerves in the face of rebellion. Nero's crimes are notorious: he murdered his mother and all possible contestants to the throne and brutally persecuted the Christians. Despite Nero's notoriety, Malitz outlines the often forgotten aspects of his reign: his early, surprisingly responsible political agenda, his initial popularity, patronage of the arts, and innovations in architecture. This original biography allows readers to form a balanced judgment of this divisive and controversial Emperor.

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Jurgen Malitz - Nero (1999).pdf

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M. L. Clarke - Rhetoric at Rome, A Historical Surv ey (1996).jpg

This edition of M. L. Clarke's 1953 classic study of Roman rhetoric incorporates corrections and a new introduction by D. H. Berry. The bibliography has been substantially updated and supplemented by suggestions for further reading.

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M. L. Clarke - Rhetoric at Rome, A Historical Surv ey (1996).pdf

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Olga Tellegen-Couper - A Short History of Roman La w (1993).jpg

The Roman's established one of the key legal systems from which modern European law is derived. It is one of the binding factors par excellence within the European community. It is thus vital for the new "Europeans" to have a sound knowledge of of its history. This book presents a brief, accurate and up-to-date survey of the development of Roman law. Olga Tellegen-Couperus divides the thousand-year-long history of Roman law into four periods, each based on political developments. For each period, there is a general outline of the sources and then a description of the territory under Roman rule, the socio-economic situation, and political development. The last section of each chapter analyzes the law, focusing on particular legislation, jurisdiction and legal science. The book thus offers a full introduction to the political and socio-economic background to Roman law and gives due attention to the topics under current debated in Romanist literature. The book is useful to law students, classicists and ancient historians.

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Olga Tellegen-Couper - A Short History of Roman La w (1993).pdf

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Richard Bauman - Crime and Punishment in Ancient R ome (1996).jpg

Crime and punishment have concerned humanity since the beginning of social life. Their manifestations in ancient Rome remains a fascinating topic, as the law of most European countries today is derived from ancient Roman law. Richard A. Bauman tells the history of punishment from the Roman Republic to the late Empire, shedding light on some decisive aspects of Roman history. He assesses punishment according to its innate humanity and cruelty, traces the changes in Roman attitudes, laws and practices during this era. Trials for treason, sedition and corruption illuminate political history; common law crimes like murder, and forgery that sharpen our perception of social history; discussions of freedom of speech increase our understanding of intellectual history; and religious persecutions fill out the picture of religious history. In its scope and focus, this is an unprecedented study, painting a vivid picture of the theory and practice of punishment in ancient Rome.

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Richard Hawley - Women In Antiquity, New Assessmen ts (1995).jpg

The study of gender in classical antiquity has undergone rapid and wide-ranging development in the past two decades. This collection of new assessments has been written by some of the most influential experts in this field from all over the world. The contributors reassess the role of women in diverse contexts and areas, such as archaic and classical Greek literature
and culture, Roman imperial politics, ancient medicine and early Christianity. Some offer original interpretations of topics which have been widely discussed over the last twenty years; others highlight new areas of research.
Women in Antiquity: New Assessments reflects and expands on existing scholarly debates on the status and representation of women in the ancient world. It focuses on methodology, and suggests areas for research and improvement. It is invaluable and engaging reading for all students and teachers of ancient history.

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Richard Hawley - Women In Antiquity, New Assessmen ts (1995).pdf

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Judith Evans Grubbs - Women and the Law in the Ro man Empire, A Sourcebook on Marriage, Divorce and Widowhood (2002).jpg

Rome - Judith Evans Grubbs - Women and the Law in the Roman Emp...re, A Sourcebook on Marriage, Divorce and Widowhood 2002.jpg

It is widely recognized that Roman law is an important source of information about women in the Roman world, and can present a more rounded and accurate picture than literary sources. This sourcebook fully exploits the rich legal material of the imperial period - from Augustus (31 BCE - 14 CE) to the end of the western Roman Empire (476 CE), incorporating both pagan and Christian eras, and explaining the rights women held under Roman law, the restrictions to which they were subject, and legal regulations on marriage, divorce and widowhood. The main focus is on the major legal texts (the Digest, the Institutes of Gaius, the Code of Justinian and the Theodosian Code), but a significant number of non-legal documentary sources are included. These are particularly important as they illustrate how the law worked in practice, and how this practice (particularly in the provinces) could differ from the letter of the law. Accessible English translations are enhanced by clear, concise background material, which includesuseful explanation of historical and geographical context, and a helpful glossary of Roman legal and administrative terms completes the volume. Comprehensive and user-friendly, this will be a core text for students, an illuminating aid for non-specialists, and an essential reference guide for more advanced scholars.

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Dominic Perring - The Roman House in Britain (2001 ).jpg

Fully illustrated, The Roman House in Britain is the essential resource on how houses were built, used and understood in Roman Britain. Authoritative, original,this volume draws on recent archaeological work and places the findings in the context of classical scholarship.

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