linguistics - Anglistyka - Shiru55 - Chomikuj.pl, Strona 2

1,3 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

The_Classical_Plot_and_the_Invention_of_Western_Na rrative.pdf

by N.J. Lowe ✰✰✰ From Homer to Hollywood, the western storytelling tradition has canonised a distinctive set of narrative values characterised by tight economy and closure. This book traces the formation of that classical paradigm in the development of ancient storytelling from Homer to Heliodorus. To tell this story, the book sets out to rehabilitate the idea of ‘plot’, notoriously disconnected from any recognised system of terminology in recent literary theory. The first part of the book draws on current developments in narratology and cognitive science to propose a new way of formally describing the way stories are structured and understood. This model is then used to write a history of the emergence of the classical plot type in the four ancient genres that shaped it - Homeric epic, fifth-century tragedy, New Comedy, and the Greek novel - with new insights into the fundamental narrative poetics of each.

• First book-length study of ‘plot’ • New accessible but powerful theory of plot, surfing the new wave of theory bridging the gap between literary criticism and cognitive science • Special studies of Homer, tragedy, New Comedy and the Greek novel offer new insights into the fundamental narrative poetics of each, backed up with detailed analysis

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1,1 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Vagueness in Context - by Stewart Shapiro, Oxford University Press.rar

Stewart Shapiro's ambition in Vagueness in Context is to develop a comprehensive account of the meaning, function, and logic of vague terms in an idealized version of a natural language like English. It is a commonplace that the extensions of vague terms vary according to their context: a person can be tall with respect to male accountants and not tall (even short) with respect to professional basketball players. The key feature of Shapiro's account is that the extensions of vague terms also vary in the course of conversations and that, in some cases, a competent speaker can go either way without sinning against the meaning of the words or the non-linguistic facts. As Shapiro sees it, vagueness is a linguistic phenomenon, due to the kinds of languages that humans speak; but vagueness is also due to the world we find ourselves in, as we try to communicate features of it to each other.

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3,4 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Dialogue As a Means of Collective Communication - by B.H.Banathy.rar

Dialogue as a Means of Collective Communication offers a cross-disciplinary approach to examining dialogue as a communicative medium. Presented in five parts, the book takes the reader on a journey of exploring the power and potential of dialogue as a means for communication. In particular, this volume comes at a time when the global society's attention has been directed to creating more productive conversations in the name of world peace and harmony. It provides a unique new work on dialogue that brings the reader into a "dialogue with dialogue", offering an opportunity to understand the communicative

potential of dialogue.

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1,0 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Conditionals - by Nicholas Rescher, The MIT Press.rar

This book by distinguished philosopher Nicholas Rescher seeks to clarify the idea of what a conditional says by elucidating the information that is normally transmitted by its utterance. The result is a unified treatment of conditionals based on epistemological principles rather than the semantical principles in vogue over recent decades. This approach, argues Rescher, makes it easier to understand how conditionals actually function in our thought and discourse. In its concern with what language theorists call pragmatics--the study of the norms and principles governing our use of language in conveying information--Conditionals steps beyond the limits of logic as traditionally understood and moves into the realm claimed by theorists of artificial intelligence as they try to simulate our actual information-processing practices.

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1,7 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Objects of Metaphor - by Samuel Guttenplan.rar

Objects of Metaphor puts forward a philosophical account of metaphor radically different from those currently on offer. Powerful and flexible enough to cope with the syntactic complexity typical of genuine metaphor, it offers novel conceptions of the relationship between simile and metaphor, the notion of dead metaphor, and the idea of metaphor as a robust theoretic kind. Without denying that metaphor can sometimes be merely ornamental, Guttenplan justifies the view of metaphor as fundamental to language and the study of language. His book will be of great interest not only to philosophers in this field, but also to those working across psychology and linguistics.

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0,9 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Metaphor in Culture - Universality and Variation.rar

by Zoltán Kövecses ✰✰✰ To what extent and in what ways is metaphorical thought relevant to an understanding of culture and society? More specifically: can the cognitive linguistic view of metaphor simultaneously explain both universality and diversity in metaphorical thought? Cognitive linguists have done important work on universal aspects of metaphor, but they have paid much less attention to why metaphors vary both interculturally and intraculturally as extensively as they do. In this book, Zoltán Kövecses proposes a new theory of metaphor variation. First, he identifies the major dimension of metaphor variation, that is, those social and cultural boundaries that signal discontinuities in human experience. Second, he describes which components, or aspects of conceptual metaphor are involved in metaphor variation, and how they are involved. Third, he isolates the main causes of metaphor variation. Fourth Professor Kövecses addresses the issue to the degree of cultural coherence in the interplay among conceptual metaphors, embodiment, and causes of metaphor variation.

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48,5 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

The Discourse of Advertising.rar

The Discourse of Advertising is a very readable book that is well suited for undergraduate students whatever their academic background (literature, linguistics, cultural studies, communication studies, etc.). The balance between theory and practice is excellent. Advertising examples are mostly recent, and taken from a variety of supports (e.g. billboards, Internet, TV, magazines). The application of theoretical concepts to ads and literature provides a better understanding of these concepts, and especially allows for the distinction between the two genres. An excellent introductory tool not only to the field of advertising but also to the larger field of discursive studies in general, provided that instructors complete it with examples of ads particularly meaningful for their students..

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1,2 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Philosophy for Linguists~ An Introduction - by Sio bhan Chapman.rar

'Philosophy for Linguists: An Introduction' is an informative, easy-to-read introduction to linguistics within the sphere of philosophy. From Plato, through Frege and Russell, past Tarski and Davidson, addressing Austin, Ryle and Grice as well as taking time out to consider Whorf, Sapir, Saussure and Chomsky (amongst many others), Siobhan Chapman's book is a deceptive gem for the philosophy of language student or "interested reader" in the subject. It's deceptive because it's a sweet, modest but, above all, informative book (not quite what one would expect from a "philosophy of language" book) and manages to condense potentially hundreds of pages into a short, persuasive read. Unlike other publications, the information provided seeks not to elevate itself above its reader (thus confusing and confounding him or her with multi-syllable words only a lexicographer would be familiar with) but instead revels in being the reader's companion, explaining numerous concepts and ideas within five clearly-defined chapters (Words and things, Propositions and logic, Truth and reality, Speakers and hearers, Language and mind). The style and presentation of each of the chapters is non-threatening and easily accessible and even the involvement of arguably irrelevant and unrelated data, in the form of biographical information (for example did you know that Wittgenstein spent part of his time as a teacher and gardener?) is a welcome addition.

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20,9 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Figurative Language Comprehension.rar

Figurative language, such as verbal irony, metaphor, hyperbole, idioms, and other forms is an increasingly important subfield within the empirical study of language comprehension and use. Figurative Language Comprehension: Social and Cultural Influences is an edited scholarly book that ties together recent research concerning the social and cultural influences on figurative language cognition. These influences include gender, cultural differences, economic status, and inter-group effects, among others. The effects these influences have on people's use, comprehension, and even processing of figurative language, comprise the main theme of this volume. No other book offers such a look at the social and cultural influences on a whole family of figurative forms at several levels of cognition.

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18,3 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Studies In The Way Of Words - by Paul Grice.rar

This volume, Grice's first book, includes the long-delayed publication of his enormously influential 1967 William James Lectures. But there is much, much more in this work. Paul Grice himself has carefully arranged and framed the sequence of essays to emphasize not a certain set of ideas but a habit of mind, a style of philosophizing.
Grice has, to be sure, provided philosophy with crucial ideas. His account of speaker-meaning is the standard that others use to define their own minor divergences or future elaborations. His discussion of conversational implicatures has given philosophers an important tool for the investigation of all sorts of problems; it has also laid the foundation for a great deal of work by other philosophers and linguists about presupposition. His metaphysical defense of absolute values is starting to be considered the beginning of a new phase in philosophy. This is a vital book for all who are interested in Anglo-American philosophy.

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3,3 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Context and Content - Essays on Intentionality in Speech and Thought - R.C.Stalnaker.rar

In Context and Content Robert Stalnaker develops a philosophical picture of the nature of speech and thought and the relations between them. Two themes in particular run through these collected essays: the role that the context in which speech takes place plays in accounting for the way language is used to express thought, and the role of the external environment in determining the contents of our thoughts. Stalnaker argues against the widespread assumption of the priority of linguistic over mental representation, which he suggests has had a distorting influence on our understanding.

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0,9 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Composing Research - by Cindy Johanek.rar

Throughout her book, Cindy Johanek portrays a near-crisis situation in the field of rhetoric and composition: she laments the "prominent place" of anecdotal evidence that belies "our rejection of the quantitative," and warns us that the "near-abandonment of research that seeks and analyzes numerical data" will divide us "further into the more private worlds of personal stories" (11). She argues for an inclusive paradigm in composition and rhetoric studies, one that focuses on the type of research the field needs versus the kind we like. And she assumes that what we like is bad for the field. Many readers will find the arguments over paradigms, current-traditional rhetoric, and quantitative/qualitative debates familiar, but Johanek takes a uniquely strident approach in championing the neglected realms of empirical research.

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0,6 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

The Semantics Of Science - by Roy Harris.rar

In Context and Content Robert Stalnaker develops a philosophical picture of the nature of speech and thought and the relations between them. Two themes in particular run through these collected essays: the role that the context in which speech takes place plays in accounting for the way language is used to express thought, and the role of the external environment in determining the contents of our thoughts. Stalnaker argues against the widespread assumption of the priority of linguistic over mental representation, which he suggests has had a distorting influence on our understanding.

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1,3 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Lexical Creativity, Texts and Contexts.rar

The coining of novel lexical items and the creative manipulation of existing words and expressions is heavily dependent on contextual factors, including the semantic, stylistic, textual and social environments in which they occur. The twelve specialists contributing to this collection aim to illuminate creativity in word formation with respect to functional discourse roles, but also examine ‘critical creativity’ determined by language policy, as well as diachronic phonetic variation in creatively-coined words. The data, based either on large corpora or smaller hand-collected samples, is drawn from advertising, the daily press, electronic communication, literature, spoken interaction, cartoons, lexical ontologies and style guides. Each study analyses novel formations in relation to their contexts of use and inevitably leads to the crucial question of creativity vs. productivity. By focussing on creative lexical formations at the level of parole, these studies provide insights into morphological theory at the level of langue, and ultimately seek to explain lexical creativity as a function of language use.

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2,0 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Word Order and Scrambling.pdf

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1,2 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Style and Sociolinguistic Variation - by Penelope Eckert & John R. Rickford .rar

The book discusses key approaches to stylistic variation, including such issues as attention paid to speech, audience design, identity construction, the corpus study of register, genre, distinctiveness and the anthropological study of style. Rigorous and engaging, this book will become the standard work on stylistic variation.

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2,5 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Sociolinguistics Method and Interpretation (Langua ge in Society) - by Lesley Milroy, Matthew Gordon.rar

Chapter 1 offers a theoretical introduction to the general framework of variationist sociolinguistics, and is followed in chapters 2 and 3 by a discussion of study design and methods of data collection. Chapters 4 and 5 explore issues related to the social dimensions of language variation, and chapters 6 and 7 focus on linguistic issues, discussing various aspects of data analysis and interpretation related to phonological variation, and grammatical variation. Finally, style-switching and code-switching are examined in chapter 8.

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1,6 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Language; the Basics - by R.L.Trask.rar

Fully updated and revised, this popular text now contains a chapter on language usage which introduces pragmatics, metaphor, speech and writing, and discourse analysis, a section on sign language, a glossary of key terms, and an expanded further reading section. Trask also addresses issues such as the uniqueness of the human language, language and meaning, variation in language, change in language, learning a first language and attitudes toward language.

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4,5 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Connectivity in Grammar and Discourse - by Jochen Rehbein, Christiane Hohenstein & Lukas Pietsch .rar

The volume is organized along central concepts: A general section deals with connectivity in language change and language acquisition, subdivisions are devoted to pronouns, topics and subjects, the role of finiteness in text and discourse, coordination and subordination and particles, adverbials and constructions.

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2,7 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Cleft and Pseudo-Cleft Constructions in English - by Peter C Collins.rar

By using a standard written corpus and a standard spoken corpus of British English, the author is able to analyze systematically the discourse-functions of clefts and pseudo-clefts, provide information on the frequency of these constructions in different genres, and prevent the 'tidying-up' found in examples devised by the linguist. Cleft and Pseudo-Cleft Constructions in English is an excellent study of the interrelations of grammar, pragmatics, and discourse, and a persuasive illustration of the importance of corpus-based approaches to linguistic description

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0,5 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Language Change - by R.L.Trask.rar

Language Change is a workbook. From the beginning the reader is presented with interesting data on change in English and in other languages, and is invited to consider these data carefully and to draw suitable conclusions. Each unit consists of a brief introduction to a particular topic followed by a set of exercises expanding the ideas introduced. Among the topics covered are the various types of language change, attitudes to language change, consequences of language change and methods for working backward to reconstruct historical developments. R. L. Trask also covers the most dramatic types of change: the birth and death of languages.

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5,3 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.rar

In over 2,500 A-Z entries, this work provides an exhaustive survey of the key terminology and languages of more than 30 subdisciplines of linguistics. Entries include: applied linguistics, artificial intelligence, basic terminology, computational linguistics, conversational analysis, discourse analysis, graphemics, language change, logics, morphology, neurolinguistics, phonetics, pragmatics, psycholinguistics, rhetoric, semantics, semiotics, sociolinguistics, stylistics, syntax, text linguistics, transformational grammar, typology, universals and much more

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3,8 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Studies in Pragmatics (SiP1) Volume 1, Approaches to Discourse Particles - by Kerstin Fischer .rar

Discourse particles fulfil many different functions; they contribute to text structuring, dialogue management, turn-taking, politeness, and more. Their investigation is, thus, relevant from many different perspectives within pragmatics and linguistics as a whole. Approaches to Discourse Particles constitutes an important orientation for newcomers to the field, as well as providing the necessary guidance and reference for the many scholars now working in the growing research community.

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13,7 MB
13 cze 17 21:05

Studies in Pragmatics (SiP2) Volume 2, Pragmatic M arkers in Contrast - by Karin Aijmer & Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen.rar

There has been an increasing interest in cross-linguistic studies. Aijmer and Simon-Vandenbergen have assembled experts in this field to explore the comparison of pragmatic markers across languages in order to offer important insights into the similarities and differences between languages. Contrastive studies can also shed more light on the pragmatic and discourse functions that pragmatic markers fulfil in the languages compared. Another issue is to what extent pragmatic markers which have evolved from the same lexical source have developed similar functions in different languages. An impressively large number of different approaches are represented in this volume as well as a wide range of languages.

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