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widziany: 25.04.2024 09:50

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German

Design and production history of the Leopard I MBT.

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The Tank, Infantry, Mk IV (A22) was a heavy British infantry tank used in the Second World War, best known for its heavy armour, large longitudinal chassis with all-around tracks with multiple bogies, and its use as the basis of many specialist vehicles. It was one of the heaviest allied tanks of the war. This series of tanks was named after Winston Churchill, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Minister of Defence at the time, and had been involved with the development of the tank as a weapon during the First World War.

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Można uznać, że powstanie czołgu Ml Abrams oznacza radykalne zerwanie z amerykańską tradycją projektowania czołgów w okresie po II wojnie światowej. Aż do pojawienia się tego pojazdu na początku lat 80. armia USA wykorzystywała ulepszane stale wersje czołgu M26 Pershing; były to modele M46, M47, M48 i M60. Podejmowane wcześniej próby zastąpienia kolejnych wersji nowym modelem, takim np. jak T-95 czy MBT--70, kończyły się niepowodzeniem. Projekt Ml pojawił się w chwili, kiedy w dziedzinie budowy czołgów zaczęły owocować pewne nowatorskie rozwiązania technologiczne: specjalne pancerze, termiczne urządzenia wizyjne, nowoczesne systemy kierowania ogniem i silniki turbinowe. Wiele z tych nowych technologii wykorzystano podczas prac projektowych nad Ml Abramsem. W odróżnieniu od MBT-70, Ml nic miał być najlepszym czołgiem świata; miał on być najlepszym czołgiem zbudowanym w ramach ograniczonego budżetu. Ml Al Abrams jest tańszy od swoich dwóch najbliższych „braci" - niemieckiego Leoparda II i brytyjskiego Challenges, niemniej jednak z dużą szansą na ostateczny sukces może stanąć do rywalizacji o miano najlepszego czołgu świata.

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The book follows the Valentine with the RTR regiments of 23rd Armoured Brigade in the West Desert. Black & white illustrations, maps, illustration of the emblem of the 23rd Armoured Brigade, detail drawings of the internal layout of the tank.

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Canada in the 1920s and 1930s only had small armed forces, a limited defence budget and equally limited armament production facilities. Despite that attempts were made to adopt new ideas which included mechanisation of infantry and artillery units though the cavalry still retained horses. Plans to buy armoured cars came and went, but in 1932 firm decisions were made and two armoured cars were ordered.

One each were to be built by Ford and Chevrolet using parts available from current production trucks. Patterned on an existing British Crossley design and produced in mild steel not armour plate, they were intended to train units and also to find any problems in manufacturing such vehicles if needed. The first stumbling block was to obtain suitable rear axles as a 6x4 layout was called for and such vehicles were not produced in Canada. The Chevrolet vehicle used a British Leyland unit while the Ford one used a suitable design from its American parent company.

Although very similar in appearance, there were some differences. The Ford car used twin rear wheels while the Chevrolet one used single wheels. Body panels were welded together though it was expected than any production cars would be riveted. Delays in obtaining suitable AFV-pattern Vickers machine guns meant that they were initially used without any armament. Trials showed good and bad points from different mobility in sand and muddy conditions as well as a lack of rain proofing.

By the time trials were completed ideas on armoured car design had moved away from boxy 6x4 designs. Only the two pilot vehicles were built, they served until around mid-1941 when they were superseded and generally disappeared from the records, presumed scrapped.

Although they did not make a big impact on armoured vehicle development - Canadian wheeled AFVs built in WW2 owed little or nothing to them - they are nevertheless interesting vehicles to study in their own right. The author has put together their story from available sources and his account is backed up by period photos, data tables, a breakdown of markings which changed several times in their relatively short lives and a set of 1/35 scale plans which cover the similarities and differences of the two cars.

An unusual subject which not many people will know about, though specialist this is a good account and ideal for someone wanting something out of the ordinary.

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Niniejsze opracowanie, dotyczące m.in. sytuacji, jak mogłaby się wydarzyć w hipotetycznym starciu między siłami pancernymi NATO a Układu Warszawskiego, zawiera również interesujące porównanie wyposażenia tych dwóch armii w czołgi i broń pancerną.

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The combat units of the NATO forces are in training either separately or together all year round. Much of the training of the ground forces takes place in military camps, but in September each year there is a large-scale exercise in West Germany as part of the 'Autumn Forge' series of exercises. During this time the combat vehicles may be seen outside their usual confines, operating in what would be their environment in a time of conflict. The exercise allows units from the participating nations to familiarize themselves with their allies' items of equipment and to ameliorate problems arising from language difficulties.
This volume presents the main combat vehicle types in use with the major armies protecting NATO's central front: namely units from the Belgian, British, Canadian, Dutch, West German and US armies. The vehicles are depicted on exercise, which provides journalists and authors with a unique opportunity to see many interesting vehicles and operations in a short space of time. For about ten days each year since 1974 I have been fortunate to attend the September exercise in West Germany. The photographs presented in this volume have been selected from my endeavours of the last eight years and afford the reader an unusual perspective on many of the modern combat vehicles in service with the Allied forces in Europe.

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The FV 4201 Chieftain was the main battle tank of the United Kingdom during the 1960s and 1970s. It was one of the most advanced tanks of its era, and at the time of its introduction in 1966 had the most powerful main gun and heaviest armour of any tank in the world. The Chieftain also introduced a supine (lying backwards) driver position, enabling a heavily sloped hull with reduced height.

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The Centurion was the primary British main battle tank of the post-World War II period, and was a successful tank design, with upgrades, for many decades. The chassis was also adapted for several other roles.

Manufacture of the Centurion began in January 1945, and six prototypes arrived in Belgium soon after the war in Europe ended in May 1945. The Centurion served in more wars than any other western tank.[citation needed]

* It first entered combat with British forces in the Korean War in 1950, in support of the UN forces.
* The Centurion later served in the Indo-Pakistani wars of 1965 and 1971, successfully fighting US supplied Pakistani M47s,
* It served with the Royal Australian Armoured Corps in Vietnam.
* It was sold to Israel which used Centurions in 1967, 1973, and during the 1975 and 1982 invasions of Lebanon. Centurions modified as APCs were used in Gaza, the West Bank and the Lebanese border.
* South Africa used its Centurions in Angola.
* The Royal Jordanian Land Force used Centurion tanks in the Golan Heights in 1973.

It became one of the most widely used tank designs, equipping armies around the world, with some still in service until the 1990s. As recently as the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict the Israel Defense Forces employed heavily modified Centurions as armoured personnel carriers and combat engineering vehicles.

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The Leopard (or Leopard 1) is a main battle tank designed and produced in Germany that first entered service in 1965. Developed in an era when HEAT warheads were thought to make conventional heavy armour of limited value, the Leopard focussed on firepower in the form of the German-built version of the British L7 105-mm gun, and improved cross-country performance that was unmatched by other designs of the era.

The design started as a collaborative project between Germany and France in the 1950s,[1] but the partnership ended and the final design was ordered by the Bundeswehr, production starting in 1965. In total 6,485 Leopard tanks have been built, of which 4,744 were battle tanks and 1741 were utility and anti-aircraft variants, not including eighty prototypes and pre-series vehicles.

The Leopard quickly became a standard of European forces, and eventually served as the main battle tank in over a dozen countries worldwide. Since 1990, the Leopard 1 has gradually been relegated to secondary roles in most armies. In the German Army, the Leopard 1 MBTs have been phased out in 2003 while Leopard 1 derived vehicles are still widely used. The Leopard 2 MBTs have taken over the MBT role. Leopard hulls have been re-used in a wide variety of roles.

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Steven J. Zaloga is world renowned for his military expertise and knowledge, and he is an equally accomplished military modeler. As he says in his preface to the book, he has spent literally thousands of hours scouring U.S. photo archives for his numerous book titles. In doing so he has uncovered a great many photos that have long awaited discovery and never seen the light of publication yet. A number of these images are now brought together in this new title, featuring German armored vehicles as photographed by U.S. military photographers in the ETO of WWII. This is an inspirational collection of photos of captured and destroyed German AFVs.

There is a satisfying mix of vehicles incorporated within these pages. There is a bit of almost everything here, ranging from self-propelled howitzers, Hetzers, Panzer IVs, Panthers, Jagdpanthers, Tigers, Jagdtigers, half-tracks, armored cars, and many lesser known vehicles such as Minenraumerpanzer III, E-100, Jagdpanzer 38 Starr, Pz.Sf.IVb, Sd.Kfz. 234 KwK38. The vehicles are usually shown after their destruction in combat or after being abandoned, in all states of repair, or disrepair as the case may be. They are often shown with U.S. soldiers examining them or clambering over them in fascination.

With his wealth of experience, Steve Zaloga has a good eye for what will interest modelers and military enthusiasts. In this publication a wide selection of photos of captured German AFVs is conveniently portrayed here under one cover. Photos have captions noting their units where these can be ascertained, as well as a set of color plates reflecting accurate color schemes of the time. In an age where photos are being republished for the umpteenth time, it is refreshing to find a whole book of photos that offer something fresh and insightful.

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Any buff of WWII armored vehicles will be well aware of the Ą§FunniesĄ¨ designed by the British, particularly those employed by the 79th Armoured Division from D-Day onwards. Yet the USA was a prodigious designer and user of specialized armored vehicles as well. This was especially true in the areas of tank recovery vehicles and armored engineer vehicles.

Steve Zaloga, a prolific writer with an unsurpassed knowledge of American military vehicles, has put together a collection of photos of these U.S. Ą§FunniesĄ¨. The focus is on the European Theater of Operations (ETO), which includes Italy and Northwest Europe. The USA tended to sprinkle its specialist tanks throughout regular tank battalions, rather than create specialized divisions. The fascinating array of black and white photos offer a detailed look at a whole host of vehicle types, and insightful captions explain the subject matter. The book also includes sixteen high quality computer generated color plates that have also been produced by the author.

This volume begins with the following vehicles: M31 and M32 tank recovery vehicles; M33 and M35 prime movers; Shermans fitted with dozer blades; DD amphibious tanks, as well as Shermans fitted with wading stacks. The book continues on with bridgelayers and treadway layers in action, then mine clearing tanks. As the book progresses towards the end, there are detailed sections on flamethrower and rocket launcher tanks. Last but not least are the top secret Ą§LeafletĄ¨ and Ą§sonicĄ¨ tanks. Each type of vehicle receives a detailed yet concise summary of its history, development and use in the introductory text.

This is an engrossing book, and it covers a category of vehicles that have not been well represented in print before. When combined with the penmanship of one of the leading military history and modeling exponents in the world, this is a Ą§FunniesĄŚ book that any enthusiast would be funny to miss!

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48 pages, 192 color photos, 4 color plates, 1/35 four-view scale plans

The cutting edge of the US Army in Operation ‘Desert Storm’, the Abrams is the current main battle tank in the US armor and infantry divisions. Armor, firepower, mobility and reliability make the M1A1/A2 Abrams a potent tank in the modern battlefield.

With emphasis on the M1A1HA, the Heavy Armor version of the M1A1, this book traces the Abrams from its deployment in Germany, to the sands of Iraq, in peacekeeping role in the Balkans, and finishes with the M1A2 variant.

Walter Böhm, a German photojournalist, with the help of Yves Debay and Greg Stewart, packed this book with 192 color photos and informative captions. Different chapters include M1A1HA in service with various US Army divisions in Germany, in battle during Operation "Desert Storm", in peacekeeping missions in Bosnia, in training at the National Training Center in the Mojave Desert, and in exercise with the US Marine Corps. The new M1A2 is also featured training at the NTC, and deployment with the Kuwait Army. A separate chapter is devoted to special markings, graffiti and helmet markings of the Abrams and its crew.

The four color profiles are useful reference for camouflage schemes and markings of the Abrams in ‘Desert Storm’, Bosnia, USMC and NTC markings. The four view 1/35 scale line drawings are also useful to modelers.

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