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World War II. Nazi Germany crimes against Humanity

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Communism

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Wieczorkiewicz P. - Kampania 1939 roku.pdf

Żydzi i Kahały - BRAFMANN 1914.pdf

25-Wojna 14b.mp3

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Communism

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1,9 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Yinghong Cheng - Creating the ''New Man'', From E nlightenment Ideals to Socialist Realities (2008).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Melvyn Leffler - The Origins of the Cold War, An I nternational History (2005).jpg

The Cold War dominated the world political arena for forty-five years. Focusing on the international system and on events in all parts of the globe, Melvyn P. Leffler and David S. Painter have brought together a truly international collection of articles that provide a fresh and comprehensive analysis of the origins of the Cold War.
Moving beyond earlier controversies, this edited collection focuses on the interaction between geopolitics and threat perception, technology and strategy, ideology and social reconstruction, national economic reform and patterns of international trade, and decolonization and national liberation. The editors also consider how and why the Cold War spread from Europe to Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America and how groups, classes and elites used the Cold War to further their own interests.
This second edition brings the collection right up to date, including the newest research from the Communist side of the Cold War and the most recent debates on culture, race and intelligence. Also included is a completely new section dealing with the Cold War crises in Iran, Turkey and Greece and a guide to further reading.

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1,9 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Melvyn Leffler - The Origins of the Cold War, An I nternational History (2005).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

David E. Murphy - What Stalin Knew, The Enigma of Barbarossa (2005).jpg

One of the enduring puzzles of World War II is Stalin's dismissal of unmistakable evidence of a looming German invasion, a blunder that contributed to the disastrous Russian defeats of 1941. This engaging study of the Soviet intelligence apparatus helps clarify the mystery. Murphy, an ex-CIA Soviet specialist and co-author of Battleground Berlin: CIA vs. KGB in the Cold War, argues that Stalin knew virtually everything for many months before the attack. Soviet spies in the German government offered detailed reports of invasion plans. Britain and the United States passed along warnings. Soviet agents in Eastern Europe noted the millions of German soldiers heading east to the Soviet border and their stock-piling of weapons and Russian phrase books. Stalin rejected these reports as Western provocations and barred the Red Army from taking elementary precautions, like chasing off the German reconnaissance planes surveying their defenses. Murphy presents a bizarre additional wrinkle in two letters Hitler sent to allay Stalin's suspicions, which claimed that the German armies massing in Poland were preparing to attack England and warned Stalin that rogue Wehrmacht units might invade Russia against Hitler's wishes-a smokescreen that inhibited Stalin's response to the German buildup and initial attacks. Murphy chalks up the debacle to Stalin's clinging to a Marxist fantasy of the capitalist powers fighting each other to exhaustion, and to the paralysis instilled in the Red Army by his purges. Fearful subordinates bowed to Stalin's absurd complacency about German intentions; the one intelligence chief who dared challenge his delusions was arrested and shot. Murphy's well-researched account offers both a meticulous reconstruction of an intelligence epic and a window into the tragedy of Stalin's despotism.

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1,3 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

David E. Murphy - What Stalin Knew, The Enigma of Barbarossa (2005).pdf

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59 KB
6 maj 15 11:21

Harun Yahya - The Disasters Darwinism Brought to H umanity (2001).jpg

From the back cover: "The 20th century, which we have just left behind us, was a century of war and conflict, leading to disasters, pain, massacres, poverty, and enormous destruction. Millions of people were killed, massacred, abandoned to hunger and death, and left without home or shelter, protection, or support. And all for nothing: in the name of serving deviant ideologies. On nearly every occasion there were despots' and dictators' signatures beneath all the suffering and disasters: Stalin, Lenin, Trotsky, Mao, Pol Pot, Hitler, Mussolini, Franco... For the simple reason that their ideologies were opposed to each other, these people dragged societies into conflict and turned brother against brother. Fascism and Communism come at the head of the ideologies that caused mankind to suffer those dark days. These are seen as enemies, as ideas that tried to destroy each other. In actual fact, there is a most interesting truth here: for these ideologies were nourished by a single ideological source, drew strength and support from that source and, thanks to that source, were able to draw societies to their side. That source is the materialist philosophy, and Darwinism, the state of that philosophy as adapted to nature. If everyone comes to know the scientific invalidity of this theory, that will spell the end of these harmful ideologies. Those who do evil will have no more so-called scientific backing for their self-centered, selfish and pitiless world view."

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6,2 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Harun Yahya - The Disasters Darwinism Brought to H umanity (2001).pdf

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58 KB
6 maj 15 11:21

J. F. N. Bradley - Civil war in Russia, 1917-1920 (1975).jpg

Contents: 1. Bolshevik Uprising; 2. Interlude, 19 17- 19 18; 3. Allied Intervention; 4. Civil War in Siberia; 5. Civil War in South Russia; 6. Civil War in North Western Russia; 7. Red and White Civil War.

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36,9 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

J. F. N. Bradley - Civil war in Russia, 1917-1920 (1975).pdf

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217 KB
6 maj 15 11:21

Sergei Khrushchev - Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev, volume 1, Commissar [ 1918-1945 ] (2005).jpg

Nikita Khrushchev’s proclamation from the floor of the United Nations that "we will bury you" is one of the most chilling and memorable moments in the history of the Cold War, but from the Cuban Missile Crisis to his criticism of the Soviet ruling structure late in his career the motivation for Khrushchev’s actions wasn’t always clear. Many Americans regarded him as a monster, while in the USSR he was viewed at various times as either hero or traitor. But what was he really like, and what did he really think? Readers of Khrushchev’s memoirs will now be able to answer these questions for themselves (and will discover that what Khrushchev really said at the UN was "we will bury colonialism").This is the first volume of three in what will be the only complete and fully reliable version of the memoirs available in English. In this volume Khrushchev recounts how he became politically active as a young worker in Ukraine, how he climbed the ladder of power under Stalin to occupy leading positions in Ukraine and then Moscow, and how as a military commissar he experienced the war against the Nazi invaders. He vividly portrays life in Stalin's inner circle and among the generals who commanded the Soviet armies. Khrushchev’s sincere reflections upon his own thoughts and feelings add to the value of this unique personal and historical document. Included among the appendices is Sergei Khrushchev’s account of how the memoirs were created and smuggled abroad during his father’s retirement.

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16,9 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Sergei Khrushchev - Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev, volume 1, Commissar [ 1918-1945 ] (2005).rar

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6 maj 15 11:21

John Barber, Andrei Dzeniskevich - Life and Death in Besieged Leningrad, 1941-44 (2005).jpg

From 1941-1944 Leningrad saw by far the largest-scale famine ever to occur in a developed society. This book examines the nature and consequences of the extreme conditions created by the German blockade of Leningrad between September 1941 and January 1944. Using declassified documents from Party and State archives in Moscow and St Petersburg and interviews with survivors the authors have produced the most informed and detailed analysis to date of the impact of the siege on the lives and the health of the people of Leningrad.

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19,2 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

John Barber, Andrei Dzeniskevich - Life and Death in Besieged Leningrad, 1941-44 (2005).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Tricia Stars - Body Soviet, Propaganda, Hygiene, a nd the Revolutionary State (2008).jpg

In 1918 the People’s Commissariat of Public Health began a quest to protect the health of all Soviet citizens, but health became more than a political platform or a tactical decision. The Soviets defined and categorized the world by interpreting political orthodoxy and citizenship in terms of hygiene. The assumed political, social, and cultural benefits of a regulated, healthy lifestyle informed the construction of Soviet institutions and identity. Cleanliness developed into a political statement that extended from domestic maintenance to leisure choices and revealed gender, ethnic, and class prejudices. Dirt denoted the past and poor politics; health and cleanliness signified mental acuity, political orthodoxy, and modernity. Health, though essential to the revolutionary vision and crucial to Soviet plans for utopia, has been neglected by traditional histories caught up in Cold War debates. The Body Soviet recovers this significant aspect of Soviet thought by providing a cross-disciplinary, comparative history of Soviet health programs that draws upon rich sources of health care propaganda, including posters, plays, museum displays, films, and mock trials. The analysis of propaganda makes The Body Soviet more than an institutional history; it is also an insightful critique of the ideologies of the body fabricated by health organizations.

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14,4 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Tricia Stars - Body Soviet, Propaganda, Hygiene, a nd the Revolutionary State (2008).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Stephen Lovell - The Soviet Union, A Very Short In troduction (2009).jpg

The Soviet Union at its height occupied one sixth of the world's land mass, encompassed fifteen republics, and stretched across eleven different time zones. More than twice the size of the United States, it was the great threat of the Cold War until it suddenly collapsed in 1991. Now, almost twenty years after the dissolution of this vast empire, what are we to make of its existence? Was it a heroic experiment, an unmitigated disaster, or a viable if flawed response to the modern world? Taking a fresh approach to the study of the Soviet Union, this Very Short Introduction blends political history with an investigation into Soviet society and culture from 1917 to 1991. Stephen Lovell examines aspects of patriotism, political violence, poverty, and ideology, and provides answers to some of the big questions about the Soviet experience. Throughout, the book takes a refreshing thematic approach to the history of the Soviet Union and it provides an up-to-date consideration of the Soviet Union's impact and what we have learnt since its end.

About the Author
Stephen Lovell is a Reader in Modern European History at King's College London.

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6 maj 15 11:21

Robert T. Holt - Radio Free Europe (2009).jpg

What is radio Free Europe? Where does it broadcast? Who runs it? What are its purposes? Although thousands of Americans are familiar with Radio Free Europe (many have contributed to its support through the Crusade for Freedom campaigns), few know enough about its background to answer these and similar questions. In this book a political scientist with first-hand knowledge gives a detailed account of the organization and development of this unique propaganda enterprise. Radio Free Europe was established as a private broadcasting project in 1949 by the Free Europe Committee, headed by Joseph C. Grew, as part of the Committee’s program of broad, long-range assistance to democratic exiles from totalitarian countries. The operational headquarters are located at Munich, and the broadcasts are directed to the people of five satellite countries: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Poland. Professor Holt tells how Radio Free Europe was established, outlines its basic policies and objectives, describes its organization, personnel, programing, and services, discusses transmission problems, and examines the effectiveness of the propaganda. He describes in detail the role of RFE in connection with the uprisings in Poland and Hungary and analyzes the charges that RFE stimulated the Hungarian revolt.

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13,7 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Robert T. Holt - Radio Free Europe (2009).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Silvio Pons - Reinterpreting the End of the Cold W ar, Issues, Interpretations, Periodizations (2004).jpg

The history of the Cold War is being re-written according to the newly available sources. But first and foremost it needs to be re-conceptualized and framed within the broader historical context that transformed the Cold War from the 1960s onwards, altered the very dynamics of bipolarism, and eventually brought it to its end. The long duration and the unexpectedly peaceful ending of the Cold War call for new views that transcend the established paradigms about its inception. Historians ought to address all those transformations in the international economy, in the networks of interdependence linking together new areas - especially in Asia - and in the ensuing cultural images that gradually narrowed the relevance of bipolarism. Thus the habitual diplomatic and security themes must be enjoined with economic, ideological, technological and cultural ones.

Here a distinguished group of international history specialists discusses the complex relationship between Cold War dynamics, the globalizing of capitalism, and the demise of Soviet Communism. Their controversial and conflicting views, as well as their multidisciplinary approaches, highlight the various factors that constituted (and did not constitute) the Cold War. Thus they help to redefine the concept itself, to map its values and limitations, and to propel historical debate onto new grounds.

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1,2 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Silvio Pons - Reinterpreting the End of the Cold W ar, Issues, Interpretations, Periodizations (2004).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Olav Njolstad - The Last Decade of the Cold War, F rom Conflict Escalation to Conflict Transformation (2004).jpg

Communism - Olav Njolstad - The Last Decade of the Cold War, From ...om Conflict Escalation to Conflict Transformation 2004.jpg

The 1980s witnessed one of the most dramatic and far-reaching transformations of world politics in modern times. Not only did the Cold War end with the unexpected collapse of one-party communist rule in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, but the early 1980s was also a period of almost unprecedented rivalry and tension between the two main actors in the East--West conflict, the United States and the Soviet Union. Why and how that conflict first escalated and thereafter, in an amazingly swift process, was reversed and brought to its peaceful conclusion at the end of the decade, is the topic of this volume.

With individual contributions by 18 well-known scholars of international relations and history from various countries, the book addresses the role of the United States, the former Soviet Union, and the countries of western and eastern Europe in that remarkable last decade of the Cold War, and discusses how particular events as well as underlying political, ideological, social, and economic factors may have contributed to the remarkable transformation that took place.

Like the previous books in the Cass series on Cold War History, this work will be essential reading for students of international relations and contemporary history, and will also appeal to political commentators and the informed general reader.

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2,2 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Olav Njolstad - The Last Decade of the Cold War, F rom Conflict Escalation to Conflict Transformation (2004).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Robert K. Murray - Red Scare, A study in national hysteria, 1919-1920 (1964).jpg

Red Scare was first published in 1955. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. Few periods in American history have been so dramatic, so fraught with mystery, or so bristling with fear and hysteria as were the days of the great Red Scare that followed World War I. For sheer excitement, it would be difficult to find a more absorbing tale than the one told here. The famous Palmer raids of that era are still remembered as one of the most fantastic miscarriages of justice ever perpetrated upon the nation. The violent labor strife still makes those who lived through it shudder as they recall the Seattle general strike and Boston police strike, the great coal and steel strikes, and the bomb plots, shootings, and riots that accompanied these conflicts. But, exciting as the story may be, it has far greater significance than merely that of a lively tale. For, just as American was swept by a wave of unreasoning fear and was swayed by sensational propaganda in those days, so are we being tormented by similar tensions in the present climate of the cold war. The objective analysis of the great Red Scare which Mr. Murray provides should go a long way toward helping us to avert some of the tragic consequences that the nation suffered a generation ago before hysteria and fear had finally run their course. The author traces the roots of the phenomenon, relates the outstanding events of the Scare, and evaluates the significant effects of the hysteria upon subsequent American life.

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17,2 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Robert K. Murray - Red Scare, A study in national hysteria, 1919-1920 (1964).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Atsushi Ogushi - The Demise of the Soviet Communis t Party (2007).jpg

This book, based on extensive original research in previously unexplored sources, including the party archives, provides a great deal of new information on the disintegration of the Soviet communist party, in 1991 and the preceding years. It argues that, contrary to prevailing views, the party was reformable in late Soviet times, but that attempts to reform it failed: reforms succeeded in preventing the party interfering in the state body, and thereby abolished the party's traditional administrative functions, but without creating an alternative power centre, and without transforming the party from a vanguard party into a parliamentary party. It demonstrates that the party, having ceased to offer career paths for aspiring party members, thereby lost its reason for existence, that an exodus of party members then followed, which in turn caused a financial crisis; and that this financial crisis, and the resulting engagement in commercial activity, fragmented and dispersed party property. It shows how the failed coup of 1991 was led by the military rather than the party, and how having lost its reason for existence and its property, the party had no choice but to accept the reality that it was de facto dead.

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19,0 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Atsushi Ogushi - The Demise of the Soviet Communis t Party (2007).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Simon Pirani - The Russian Revolution in Retreat, 1920-24, Soviet Workers and the New Communist Elit e (2008).jpg

Communism - Simon Pirani - The Russian Revolution in Retreat, 1920...0-24, Soviet Workers and the New Communist Elite 2008.jpg

This book examines the relationship between the Russian Communist Party and the Russian working class between 1920-24, immediately after the civil war and during the first years of the New Economic Policy (NEP). Based on extensive original research, which casts much new light on this period, both from the perspective of the rank and file as well as the leadership, the book discusses working-class collective action in 1920, workers' responses to the 1921 crisis, including the Kronstadt revolt, and the successes of the non-party workers' movement in the elections of 1921. It shows how during and after the 1921 crisis the working class was politically expropriated by the Bolshevik party, and how democratic forms such as soviets and factory committees were deprived of decision-making power. Simon Pirani examines how during this period the Soviet ruling class began to take shape, preferring in 1922-23 mass mobilization campaigns in which workers remained politically passive, rather than the participatory mass democracy which had flourished in 1917. The Russian Revolution in Retreat, 1920-24 shows how, whilst some people argued that the principles of 1917 had been betrayed, others accepted a social contract under which workers were assured of improvements in living standards in exchange for increased labour discipline and productivity, and a surrender of political power, with political power becoming concentrated in the party, and, increasingly, in the party elite.

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13,4 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Simon Pirani - The Russian Revolution in Retreat, 1920-24, Soviet Workers and the New Communist Elit e (2008).pdf

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463,4 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Szafa.polska.1945-89.(2006).TVRip.avi

Pełna humoru i anegdot historia mody w PRL. Opowieść o ludziach, zarówno twórcach, jak i konsumentach" mody, którzy w ogólnej szarości próbowali zrobić coś z niczego, żebyśmy wyglądali ładniej, bardziej elegancko i na czasie, chocby na naszą skromną, socjalistyczną miarę. Film pokazuje, jak z każdą dekadą - od zakończenia wojny w 1945 roku do upadku ustroju komunistycznego w roku 1989 - zmieniały się w Polsce moda, trendy i pomysły zaradnych Polaków i Polek.

http://filmpolski.pl/fp/index.php/4222355

z chomika bombadilwlocie

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6 maj 15 11:21

E.A. Rees - Political Thought from Machiavelli to Stalin, Revolutionary Machiavellism (2004).jpg

The first book in English to explore the relationship between Stalin's ideas and methods and the practices advocated by Machiavelli and the practices associated with "Machiavellian" politics. It advances the concept of "revolutionary Machiavellism" as a way of understanding a particular strand of revolutionary thought from the Jacobins to Leninism and Stalinism. It provides a wide-ranging survey of European political thought in the nineteenth and early twentieth century and locates the Bolshevik tradition within the wider European tradition.

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