Most Americans are not aware that the US prison population has tripled over the past two decades, nor that the US has the highest rate of incarceration in the industrialized world. Despite these facts, politicians from across the ideological spectrum continue to campaign on "law and order" platforms and to propose "three strikes"--and even "two strikes"--sentencing laws. Why is this the case? How have crime, drugs, and delinquency come to be such salient political issues, and why have enhanced punishment and social control been defined as the most appropriate responses to these complex social problems? Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics provides original, fascinating, and persuasive answers to these questions.
According to conventional wisdom, the worsening of the crime and drug problems has led the public to become more punitive, and "tough" anti-crime policies are politicians' collective response to this popular sentiment. Katherine Beckett challenges this interpretation, arguing instead that the origins of the punitive shift in crime control policy lie in the political rather than the penal realm--particularly in the tumultuous period of the 1960s.

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Ko-lin Chin - Chinatown Gangs, Extortion, Enterpri se, and Ethnicity (2000).jpg

In Chinatown Gangs, Ko-lin Chin penetrates a closed society and presents a rare portrait of the underworld of New York City's Chinatown. Based on first-hand accounts from gang members, gang victims, community leaders, and law enforcement authorities, this pioneering study reveals the pervasiveness, the muscle, the longevity, and the institutionalization of Chinatown gangs. Chin reveals the fear gangs instill in the Chinese community. At the same time, he shows how the economic viability of the community is sapped, and how gangs encourage lawlessness, making a mockery of law enforcement agencies.
Ko-lin Chin makes clear that gang crime is inexorably linked to Chinatown's political economy and social history. He shows how gangs are formed to become "equalizers" within a social environment where individual and group conflicts, whether social, political, or economic, are unlikely to be solved in American courts. Moreover, Chin argues that Chinatown's informal economy provides yet another opportunity for street gangs to become "providers" or "protectors" of illegal services. These gangs, therefore, are the pathological manifestation of a closed community, one whose problems are not easily seen--and less easily understood--by outsiders.
Chin's concrete data on gang characteristics, activities, methods of operation and violence make him uniquely qualified to propose ways to restrain gang violence, and Chinatown Gangs closes with his specific policy suggestions. It is the definitive study of gangs in an American Chinatown.

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Ko-lin Chin - Chinatown Gangs, Extortion, Enterpri se, and Ethnicity (2000).pdf

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Adam Fairclough - A Class of Their Own, Black Teac hers in the Segregated South (2007).jpg

In this major undertaking, civil rights historian Adam Fairclough chronicles the odyssey of black teachers in the South from emancipation in 1865 to integration one hundred years later. No book until now has provided us with the full story of what African American teachers tried, achieved, and failed to do in educating the Southern black population over this critical century.
This magisterial narrative offers a bold new vision of black teachers, built from the stories of real men and women, from teachers in one-room shacks to professors in red brick universities. Fairclough explores how teachers inspired and motivated generations of children, instilling values and knowledge that nourished racial pride and a desire for equality. At the same time, he shows that they were not just educators, but also missionaries, politicians, community leaders, and racial diplomats. Black teachers had to negotiate constantly between the white authorities who held the purse strings and the black community's grassroots resistance to segregated standards and white power. Teachers were part of, but also apart from, the larger black population. Often ignored, and occasionally lambasted, by both whites and blacks, teachers were tireless foot soldiers in the long civil rights struggle.
Despite impossible odds--discrimination, neglect, sometimes violence--black teachers engaged in a persistent and ultimately heroic struggle to make education a means of liberation. A Class of Their Own is indispensable for understanding how blacks and whites interacted and coexisted after the abolition of slavery, and how black communities developed and coped with the challenges of freedom and oppression.

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Adam Fairclough - A Class of Their Own, Black Teac hers in the Segregated South (2007).pdf

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Mitchell Meltzer - Secular Revelations, The Consti tution of the United States and Classic American L iterature (2005).jpg

01 - USA - Mitchell Meltzer - Secular Revelations, The Constitutio...the United States and Classic American Literature 2005.jpg

The United States Constitution, battleground of a politically bifurcated nation, and sponsor of that nation's now threatened cultural unity, is a quintessentially political document. Americans' representatives swear loyalty to it, and her soldiers die for it. Yet no one has ever seriously considered the formative influence this document, so central a force for all Americans, has had on American cultural life. Now, in this ambitious book, Mitchell Meltzer has for the first time demonstrated the extent to which the Constitution is both source and inspiration for America's greatest literary masterworks.
Retelling the history of the Constitution's formation, Meltzer explains how the peculiarly paradoxical form of the Constitution, its "secular revelation," underwent a literary rebirth after the passing of the Founders' generation, and issued in what is strangest and most characteristic in America's classic literature. By combining the secular with the revealed, a Constitutional poetics results that gives rise, in both politics and literature, to the formation of more perfect unions.
Offering powerful new perspectives on Lincoln, Emerson, Whitman, and Melville, Meltzer reveals how the Constitution counterintuitively generated such oft-noted tendencies as these writers' penchant for self-contradiction, their willingness to court radical discontinuity, and their intensely conflicted, romance-directed fictions.
Secular Revelations presents the Constitution in a new role, the inspiration of a great national literature.

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Mitchell Meltzer - Secular Revelations, The Consti tution of the United States and Classic American L iterature (2005).pdf

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Stanley I. Kutler - Dictionary of American History 10 volume Set 3rd Edition (2003).jpg

This 2003 edition contains 4,400 articles, 1,200 photos, and 252 maps and includes 8,940 new topics and 1,400 rewritten articles. These cross-listed and newly-illustrated entries of 100-8,000 words are aimed at college students and reach into the future with a 1500-word essay on "9/11." Volume nine, a wonderful addition, contains archival maps and primary documents (with introductions) such as the anonymous story (c. 1745) of the league of five nations (Cayugas, Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Senecas); an excerpt from Francis Grund's Americans in their Moral, Social, and Political Relations (1837); and Henry Ford's "Advice to the Unemployed in the Great Depression" (1932). Volume nine's other distinctive feature is a division of the Dictionary into chronological chunks that correlate entries, maps, and documents with relevant chapters in three Wadsworth textbooks: American Passages (2000), The American Past (2001); and Liberty, Equality, Power (2002). A six-page guide provides tips on historical research. The over 2000 contributors are from American academies. One caution: the dictionary does not contain biographical entries.

References such as the 1965 Encyclopaedia Brittanica or Scribner's Bicentennial-era Dictionary of American History (2d ed.) have inspired loyal readership for decades after their publication. Now in its third edition, the Scribner dictionary continues to grow, expanding from the six-volume first edition (1940) to the eight-volume second (1976) to a full ten. (Volume 9 consists entirely of original documents and period maps, while Volume 10 is an index.) The new set is 20 percent larger than the 1976 version, is illustrated for the first time with some 1200 photos and 252 maps, and employs more cross-referencing. But for those who cherished the second edition for its fluent writing and factual impeccability, the important question is whether the content has changed. For one thing, there are fewer articles (4,434 vs. 6,425 in the second edition), but many original entries have either been consolidated with others under different headings or, if they were pulled, been archived elsewhere.

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John R. Vile - Encyclopedia of Constitutional Amen dments, Proposed Amendments, and Amending Issues, 1789-2010 (2010).jpg

01 - USA - John R. Vile - Encyclopedia of Constitutional Amendment...oposed Amendments, and Amending Issues, 1789-2010 2010.jpg

Grade 9 Up. With more than 400 alphabetically organized entries, this comprehensive but esoteric reference work explores the subtleties of the constitutional amendments and any information pertinent to the amendment process. The 27 successful amendments are covered in short but useful essays that discuss the history of their passing. Entries concerning failed efforts, such as the Equal Rights Amendment, usually describe other legislative measures used to address the subject of the proposed amendment. Other articles treat related issues, relevant Supreme Court cases, and presidents and other individuals who have influenced the amending process. Also included is a copy of the Constitution and a time line from 1683 to the present that lists important moments in amendment history and the number of amendments proposed in a given year. Although the book is comprehensive, the articles are uniformly short and the scope is somewhat limited. For large collections.?Lawrence Kapture, New York Public Library

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John R. Vile - Encyclopedia of Constitutional Amen dments, Proposed Amendments, and Amending Issues, 1789-2010 (2010) [PDF].rar

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Paul Finkelman - Milestone Documents of American L eaders (2009).jpg

The second title in the groundbreaking "Milestone Documents" series, "Milestone Documents of American Leaders" offers a unique biographical approach to the study of primary source documents. Plus free online access to the full content of this great reference set is available. "Milestone Documents of American Leaders" is the highly anticipated follow up to 2008's critically acclaimed "Milestone Documents in American History". This new, four-volume set continues the "Milestone Documents" tradition of pairing primary source texts with expert analysis by esteemed historians. Here, the lives of notable Americans are illuminated through an in-depth study of the primary source texts they produced during their lifetimes. From presidents, jurists, and legislators to influential private citizens both past and present, "American Leaders" features important full-text sources written by the people who shaped the nation - and crucial scholarly analysis to help the documents come alive. The subjects and documents covered include the following - Abraham Lincoln: "Gettysburg Address", "Emancipation Proclamation", and second inaugural address; Sandra Day O'Connor: "Bush v. Gore", "United States v. Lopez", and "McConnell v. FEC"; Martin Luther King Jr.: "I Have a Dream", "A Time to Break the Silence" speeches, and "Letter from Birmingham Jail"; Abigail Adams: "Letters to John and John Quincy Adams"; Ronald Reagan: A Time for Choosing speech and Evil Empire speech; Thomas Jefferson: "Declaration of Independence", Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, and first inaugural address.

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Paul Finkelman - Milestone Documents of American L eaders (2009) [PDF].rar

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Murray N. Rothbard - Strictly Confidential,The Pri vate Volker Fund Memos of Murray N. Rothbard (2010 ).jpg

The hugely influential memos by Murray Rothbard, written in the 1950s and early 1960s, were kept under wraps for fifty years. They were commissioned by the William Volker Fund and concerned most every important thinker and book of the period. Through them, Rothbard provided guidance for the publishing and philanthropic efforts of the Fund itself, which was the main flame for liberty in these dark times.

Rothbard’s writing is deeply insightful, brazenly honest, and penetrating in every way, as he treats every subject from strategy to historical scholarship. These memos have never before been published, and they provide a different perspective on the mind of a great and pioneering thinker.

The first book to bring some to light came with Roberta Modugno’s Rothbard Versus the Philosophers.

Strictly Confidential heats up the legacy of these writings with pages sometimes marked "Strictly Confidential." And you can see why. Rothbard is merciless towards the enemies of liberty and relentless against those who are unwilling to follow through on the full logic of what liberty demands. Edited (but never censored) by David Gordon, and with an introduction by Brian Doherty, Strictly Confidential presents 40 full memos by Rothbard.

The William Volker Charities Fund was a philanthropic organization established by the William Volker Company of Kansas City, Missouri, a western furniture distributor. Loren "Red" Miller, a municipal reformer who had fought the Pendergast political machine, becoming in the process a dedicated friend of laissez-faire liberalism, became acquainted with William Volker and converted Volker and his nephew, Harold W. Luhnow, to the cause. By the late 1940s, Luhnow, as head of the Volker Fund, undertook to subsidize libertarian scholarship in those dark days of triumphant New Deal corporatism and overseas adventurism.

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Murray N. Rothbard - Strictly Confidential,The Pri vate Volker Fund Memos of Murray N. Rothbard (2010 ).pdf

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Gil Troy - The Reagan Revolution, A Very Short Int roduction (2009).jpg

"They called it the Reagan revolution," Ronald Reagan noted in his Farewell Address. "Well, I'll accept that, but for me it always seemed more like the great rediscovery, a rediscovery of our values and our common sense."
Nearly two decades after that 1989 speech, debate continues to rage over just how revolutionary those Reagan years were. The Reagan Revolution: A Very Short Introduction identifies and tackles some of the controversies and historical mysteries that continue to swirl around Reagan and his legacy, while providing an illuminating look at some of the era's defining personalities, ideas, and accomplishments. Gil Troy, a well-known historian who is a frequent commentator on contemporary politics, sheds much light on the phenomenon known as the Reagan Revolution, situating the reception of Reagan's actions within the contemporary liberal and conservative political scene. While most conservatives refuse to countenance any criticism of their hero, an articulate minority laments that he did not go far enough. And while some liberals continue to mourn just how far he went in changing America, others continue to mock him as a disengaged, do-nothing dunce. Nevertheless, as Troy shows, two and a half decades after Reagan's 1981 inauguration, his legacy continues to shape American politics, diplomacy, culture, and economics. Both Bill Clinton and George W. Bush modeled much of their presidential leadership styles on Reagan's example, while many of the debates of the '80s about the budget, tax cutting, defense-spending, and American values still rage.
Love him or hate him, Ronald Reagan remains the most influential president since Franklin D. Roosevelt, and one of the most controversial. This marvelous book places the Reagan Revolution in the broader context of postwar politics, highlighting the legacies of these years on subsequent presidents and on American life today.

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Mary C. Waters, Reed Ueda, Helen B. Marrow - The N ew Americans, A Guide to Immigration since 1965 (2 007).jpg

Salsa has replaced ketchup as the most popular condiment. A mosque has been erected around the corner. The local hospital is staffed by Indian doctors and Philippine nurses, and the local grocery store is owned by a Korean family. A single elementary school may include students who speak dozens of different languages at home. This is a snapshot of America at the turn of the twenty-first century.
The United States has always been a nation of immigrants, shaped by successive waves of new arrivals. The most recent transformation began when immigration laws and policies changed significantly in 1965, admitting migrants from around the globe in new numbers and with widely varying backgrounds and aspirations.
This comprehensive guide, edited and written by an interdisciplinary group of prominent scholars, provides an authoritative account of the most recent surge of immigrants. Twenty thematic essays address such topics as immigration law and policy, refugees, unauthorized migrants, racial and ethnic identity, assimilation, nationalization, economy, politics, religion, education, and family relations. These are followed by comprehensive articles on immigration from the thirty most significant nations or regions of origin. Based on the latest U.S. Census data and the most recent scholarly research, The New Americans is an essential reference for students, scholars, and anyone curious about the changing face of America.

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Mary C. Waters, Reed Ueda, Helen B. Marrow - The N ew Americans, A Guide to Immigration since 1965 (2 007).pdf

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Robert Dance, Bruce Robertson - Ruth Harriet Louis e and Hollywood Glamour Photography (2002).jpg

6 color illustrations, 97 duotones When Ruth Harriet Louise joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the studio with "more stars than there are in heaven," she was twenty-two years old and the only woman working as a portrait photographer for the Hollywood studios. In a career that lasted from 1925 until 1930, Louise (born Ruth Goldstein) photographed all the stars, contract players, and many of the hopefuls who passed through the studio's front gates, including Greta Garbo, Lon Chaney, John Gilbert, Joan Crawford, Marion Davies, and Norma Shearer. This book, which coincides with a major traveling retrospective of Louise's work organized by the Santa Barbara Museum of Art, is the first collection of her exquisite photographs. Containing over one hundred breathtaking images, it attests to the talent and vision of a surprisingly unknown photographer who formed the images and helped create the popularity of some of our most enduring stars. Louise shot about one hundred thousand negatives that distilled the glamour, drama, and excitement of MGM's feature productions. Louise's original photographs were circulated to millions of moviegoers, magazine and newspaper readers, and fans. The movies and publicity machine that these photographs supported shaped the basic notions of stardom, glamour, and fashion in the 1920s and still affect our ideas today. Robert Dance and Bruce Robertson re-create the entire process--from the moment a performer sat in front of Louise's camera to the point at which a fan pasted a star's picture into a scrapbook. They provide insight into Louise's work habits in the studio and describe the personal dynamics between Louise and the actors she photographed. They include a condensed account of the methods of other photographers, a sharp analysis of fan culture in the period, and superb readings of Louise's photographs. With its combination of well-known and rare images, all magnificently reproduced, this book is a fitting tribute to one of the most gifted and underappreciated glamour photographers of Hollywood's golden period.

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Robert Dance, Bruce Robertson - Ruth Harriet Louis e and Hollywood Glamour Photography (2002).pdf

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Paul Finkelman, Tim Alan Garrison - Encyclopedia o f United States Indian Policy and Law (2008).jpg

In 1987 ethnohistorian James Axtell published the article “Colonial America without the Indians: Counterfactual Reflections,” in which he imagined a North America bereft of humans at the time of European exploration and settlement. The purpose of his piece was to demonstrate how vital the Native peoples of the continent had been to the history and development of the United States. Axtell’s imaginative contention could also be extended to an exploration of the relationship between the story of U.S. Indian policy and the general history of the United States.That history is not only important in its own right; it is also interwoven with the political, economic, legal, cultural, and social histories of the United States—which would have developed in other ways.
The United States would be a very different nation today if its government had not had the responsibility of dealing with the tribal nations. Some might see the history of the relations between the United States and American Indians as a long tragedy in which the former subjugated, dispossessed, and annihilated the culture of the latter. Concomitant with this U.S. assault on Native land holdings, political rights, and culture, however, is a story of triumphant persistence. Despite more than
two centuries of attacks on their political, territorial, and cultural integrity, the Native peoples of the United States have survived, endured, and, in some cases, returned to prosperity. Today,many Native peoples are experiencing a societal renascence, thanks to their demands that they be allowed to fulfill their own destinies.The Encyclopedia of United States Indian Policy and Law attempts to document both the tragedies and this Native resilience

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Paul Finkelman, Tim Alan Garrison - Encyclopedia o f United States Indian Policy and Law (2008).pdf

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Who Wrote That - Brenda Lange - Edward Stratemeyer , Creator of the Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew (2004).jpg

Chelsea House's "Who Wrote That?" biography series features the lives of authors familiar to young adults. They won't recognize the name Edward Stratemeyer right off the bat, though. He began as a writer in his own right and gradually became the driving force behind the publication of a myriad of mystery series aimed at teenagers in the early 1900s. Among his most popular character-creations were the Rover Boys, Tom Swift, the Bobbsey Twins, the Hardy Boys, and Nancy Drew. While he outlined the plots, a variety of individuals in his "Stratemeyer Snydicate" actually penned the texts.

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Who Wrote That - Brenda Lange - Edward Stratemeyer , Creator of the Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew (2004).pdf

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David A. Jasen - Tin Pan Alley, An Encyclopedia of the Golden Age of American Song (2003).jpg

Tin Pan Alley was a nickname given to an actual street in Manhattan (West Twenty-eighth Street between Broadway and Sixth Avenue) where many of the music publishers had their offices. Eventually, Tin Pan Alley became the generic term for publishers of popular American sheet music. These publishing businesses hired lyricists and composers to create popular songs and promoted these songs in their sheet-music form with attractive covers.

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David A. Jasen - Tin Pan Alley, An Encyclopedia of the Golden Age of American Song (2003).pdf

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Toyin Falola, Matt D. Childs - The Yoruba Diaspora In The Atlantic World (2005).jpg

This innovative anthology focuses on the enslavement, middle passage, American experience, and return to Africa of a single cultural group, the Yoruba. Moving beyond descriptions of generic African experiences, this anthology will allow students to trace the experiences of one cultural group throughout the cycle of the slave experience in the Americas. The 19 essays, employing a variety of disciplinary perspectives, provide a detailed study of how the Yoruba were integrated into the Atlantic world through the slave trade and slavery, the transformations of Yoruba identities and culture, and the strategies for resistance employed by the Yoruba in the New World.
The contributors are Augustine H. Agwuele, Christine Ayorinde, Matt D. Childs, Gibril R. Cole, David Eltis, Toyin Falola, C. Magbaily Fyle, Rosalyn Howard, Robin Law, Babatunde Lawal, Russell Lohse, Paul E. Lovejoy, Beatriz G. Mamigonian, Robin Moore, Ann O'Hear, Luis Nicolau Parés, Michele Reid, João José Reis, Kevin Roberts, and Mariza de Carvalho Soares.
Blacks in the Diaspora -- Claude A. Clegg III, editorDarlene Clark Hine, David Barry Gaspar, and John McCluskey, founding editors

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Toyin Falola, Matt D. Childs - The Yoruba Diaspora In The Atlantic World (2005).pdf

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Gary A. Donaldson - The Making of Modern America, The Nation from 1945 to the Present (2009).jpg

By far the best text available for post-1945 U.S. history courses. Donaldson deftly integrates political, diplomatic, social, and cultural history in a style that will engage undergraduates. Especially interesting is his treatment of science and medicine, important topics often receiving scant attention in textbooks. I plan to adopt The Making of Making of America in my own course. --Anthony O. Edmonds, George and Frances Ball Distinguished Professor of History, Ball State University

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