In the seven decades from its establishment in 1775 to the commercialization of the electric telegraph in 1844, the American postal system spurred a communications revolution no less far-reaching than the subsequent revolutions associated with the telegraph, telephone, and computer. This book tells the story of that revolution and the challenge it posed for American business, politics, and cultural life.
During the early republic, the postal system was widely hailed as one of the most important institutions of the day. No other institution had the capacity to transmit such a large volume of information on a regular basis over such an enormous geographical expanse. The stagecoaches and postriders who conveyed the mail were virtually synonymous with speed.
In the United States, the unimpeded transmission of information has long been hailed as a positive good. In few other countries has informational mobility been such a cherished ideal. Richard John shows how postal policy can help explain this state of affairs. He discusses its influence on the development of such information-intensive institutions as the national market, the voluntary association, and the mass party. He traces its consequences for ordinary Americans, including women, blacks, and the poor. In a broader sense, he shows how the postal system worked to create a national society out of a loose union of confederated states. This exploration of the role of the postal system in American public life provides a fresh perspective not only on an important but neglected chapter in American history, but also on the origins of some of the most distinctive features of American life today.

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Richard R. John - Spreading the News, The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse (1998).pdf

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Chad Montrie - To Save the Land and People, A Hist ory of Opposition to Surface Coal Mining in Appala chia (2003).jpg

01 - USA1 - Chad Montrie - To Save the Land and People, A History ...f Opposition to Surface Coal Mining in Appalachia 2003.jpg

Surface coal mining has had a dramatic impact on the Appalachian economy and ecology since World War II, exacerbating the region's chronic unemployment and destroying much of its natural environment. Here, Chad Montrie examines the twentieth-century movement to outlaw surface mining in Appalachia, tracing popular opposition to the industry from its inception through the growth of a militant movement that engaged in acts of civil disobedience and industrial sabotage. Both comprehensive and comparative, To Save the Land and People chronicles the story of surface mining opposition in the whole region, from Pennsylvania to Alabama.
Though many accounts of environmental activism focus on middle-class suburbanites and emphasize national events, the campaign to abolish strip mining was primarily a movement of farmers and working people, originating at the local and state levels. Its history underscores the significant role of common people and grassroots efforts in the American environmental movement. This book also contributes to a long-running debate about American values by revealing how veneration for small, private properties has shaped the political consciousness of strip mining opponents.

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Chad Montrie - To Save the Land and People, A Hist ory of Opposition to Surface Coal Mining in Appala chia (2003).pdf

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Colin A. Palmer - Encyclopedia Of African American Culture And History, The Black Experience In The Americas (2005).jpg

01 - USA1 - Colin A. Palmer - Encyclopedia Of African American Cul...And History, The Black Experience In The Americas 2005.jpg

Users looking for authoritative and comprehensive information about black history, figures and accomplishments now have a defining and current reference to address their needs. The second edition of the Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History is a much-needed expansion of the 1996 classic and its 2000 supplement. As with the earlier publications, the second edition is aimed at high school and college students, as well as the general reader.
Whereas the first edition focused almost exclusively on the United States, this new set identifies and addresses broad themes critical to understanding the texture of the cultures, achievements, challenges and comprise North America, Central and South America and the Caribbean. Readers can find comparative analyses of social movements, languages, religions and family structures in the context of an interdisciplinary framework that fills a substantial gap in studies of this genre.

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Glenda Carpio - Laughing Fit to Kill, Black Humor in the Fictions of Slavery (2008).jpg

Reassessing the meanings of "black humor" and "dark satire," Laughing Fit to Kill illustrates how black comedians, writers, and artists have deftly deployed various modes of comedic "conjuring"--the absurd, the grotesque, and the strategic expression of racial stereotypes--to redress not only the past injustices of slavery and racism in America but also their legacy in the present. Focusing on representations of slavery in the post-civil rights era, Carpio explores stereotypes in Richard Pryor's groundbreaking stand-up act and the outrageous comedy of Chappelle's Show to demonstrate how deeply indebted they are to the sly social criticism embedded in the profoundly ironic nineteenth-century fiction of William Wells Brown and Charles W. Chesnutt. Similarly, she reveals how the iconoclastic literary works of Ishmael Reed and Suzan-Lori Parks use satire, hyperbole, and burlesque humor to represent a violent history and to take on issues of racial injustice. With an abundance of illustrations, Carpio also extends her discussion of radical black comedy to the visual arts as she reveals how the use of subversive appropriation by Kara Walker and Robert Colescott cleverly lampoons the iconography of slavery. Ultimately, Laughing Fit to Kill offers a unique look at the bold, complex, and just plain funny ways that African American artists have used laughter to critique slavery's dark legacy.

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Glenda Carpio - Laughing Fit to Kill, Black Humor in the Fictions of Slavery (2008).pdf

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Joan Waugh - Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, A His tory of the Union Cause (2003).jpg

Ulysses Simpson Grant was the 18th President of the United States of America, serving from 1869 to 1877. won fame for his victories at Ft. Donaldson (1862), Shiloh (1862), and Vicksburg (1863), and his grueling but successful war of attrition against Robert E. Lee. who surrendered to Grant at Appomattox in April, 1865, ending the Civil War. As president he supported the Radical Republicans in the program for reconstruction, defeated the Ku Klux Klan, and supported civil rights for the Freedmen (freed slaves). In foreign policy he settled a major conflict with Britain regarding the Civil War. Although personally honest, Grant gave out patronage too generously to his loyalists, and protected senior corrupt officials. The Panic of 1873 made his second term one of economic depression, and allowed the Democrats to regain control of the House in 1876. Grant made a celebrated tour around the world, but came back in 1880 to try for a third term and failed. His finances, ruined by a dishonest associate and while dying of throat cancer, wrote a brilliant memoir of his military service; it stands as one of the great monuments in military historiography, and his battlefield achievements rank him as one of the great generals in world history.

Joan Waugh is associate professor of history at the University of California at Los Angeles, where she received her Ph.D. in 1992. She has received several awards for teaching and mentoring undergraduate students and research fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Huntington Library, and the Gilder Lehrman Center.

In addition to her regular teaching, Prof. Waugh leads the “Gettysburg Summer” program at UCLA, which sends undergraduates to Gettysburg, Washington, and other Civil War sites every year. She is the author of Unsentimental Reformer: The Life of Josephine Shaw Lowell (1998) and editor of the volume on the "Civil War and Reconstruction" in Facts on Files Encyclopedia of U.S. History (2003). Prof. Waugh is co-editor of the forthcoming The Memory of the Civil War in American Culture and is currently working on two books: Ulysses S. Grant and the Union Cause and The War for the Common Soldier, both of which will be published by the University of North Carolina Press.

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Joan Waugh - Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, A His tory of the Union Cause (2003).pdf

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Michael J. Bennett - Union Jacks, Yankee Sailors i n the Civil War (2004).jpg

Historians have given a great deal of attention to the lives and experiences of Civil War soldiers, but surprisingly little is known about navy sailors who participated in the conflict. Michael J. Bennett remedies the longstanding neglect of Civil War seamen in this comprehensive assessment of the experience of common Union sailors from 1861 to 1865.
To resurrect the voices of the "Union Jacks," Bennett combed sailors' diaries, letters, and journals. He finds that the sailors differed from their counterparts in the army in many ways. They tended to be a rougher bunch of men than the regular soldiers, drinking and fighting excessively. Those who were not foreign-born, escaped slaves, or unemployed at the time they enlisted often hailed from the urban working class rather than from rural farms and towns. In addition, most sailors enlisted for pragmatic rather than ideological reasons.
Bennett's examination provides a look into the everyday lives of sailors and illuminates where they came from, why they enlisted, and how their origins shaped their service. By showing how these Union sailors lived and fought on the sea, Bennett brings an important new perspective to our understanding of the Civil War.

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Michael J. Bennett - Union Jacks, Yankee Sailors i n the Civil War (2004).pdf

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Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway - Merchants of Doubt , How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth o n Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming (201 0).jpg

01 - USA1 - Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway - Merchants of Doubt, Ho...h on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming 2010.jpg

The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers.
Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedlysome of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it.
Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era.
Naomi Oreskes is Professor of History and Science Studies at the University of California, San Diego. Her essay "Beyond the Ivory Tower" was a milestone in the fight against global warming denial.

Erik Conway is the resident historian at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers.

Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedlysome of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it...

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Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway - Merchants of Doubt , How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth o n Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming (201 0).djvu

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New Americans - Solomon Addis Getahun - The Histor y of Ethiopian Immigrants and Refugees in America, 1900-2000 (2006).jpg

01 - USA1 - New Americans - Solomon Addis Getahun - The History of...n Immigrants and Refugees in America, 1900-2000 2006.jpg

Ethiopians form the third largest post-1960 African immigrant in the U.S. Over the years, their migratory patterns have changed in response to changes in Ethiopian and American diplomatic relationships. The Ethiopian immigrants also vary among themselves depending on whether they were granted asylum, are refugees, or benefit from the Diversity Visa (DV) lottery winners. Getahun studies the context of the immigrants arrival, their patterns of settlement, and their adjustment in the U.S. Differences between immigrants may be explained by ethnic or regional origin, class, politics, and religion. The resultant communities support social and religious institutions and Ethiopians are succeeding in establishing community organizations and religious institutions and seek to influence U.S foreign policy towards Ethiopia.

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New Americans - Solomon Addis Getahun - The Histor y of Ethiopian Immigrants and Refugees in America, 1900-2000 (2006).pdf

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Richard Panchyk - Franklin Delano Roosevelt for Ki ds, His Life and Times with 21 Activities (2007).jpg

Franklin Delano Roosevelt enduring legacy upon the history, culture, politics, and economics of the United States is introduced to children in this engaging activity book. Kids will learn how FDR, a member of one of the founding families of the New World, led the nation through the darkest days of the Great Deion and World War II as 32nd U.S. President. This book examines the Roosevelt family including famous cousin Teddy Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt as well as FDR early political career and subsequent 12 years in office during some of the most fascinating and turbulent times in American history. Interspersed throughout are first-hand accounts from the people who knew FDR and remember him well. Children will also learn how his personal struggles with polio and his physical disability strengthened FDR's compassion and resolve. In addition, kids will explore Roosevelt's entire era through such hands-on activities as staging a fireside chat, designing a WPA-style mural, sending a double encoded message, hosting a swing dance party, and participating in a political debate.

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Richard Panchyk - Franklin Delano Roosevelt for Ki ds, His Life and Times with 21 Activities (2007).pdf

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Samuel Zipp - Manhattan Projects, The Rise and Fal l of Urban Renewal in Cold War New York (2010).jpg

Moving beyond the usual good-versus-evil story that pits master-planner Robert Moses against the plucky neighborhood advocate Jane Jacobs, Samuel Zipp sheds new light on the rise and fall of New York's urban renewal in the decades after World War II. Focusing on four iconic "Manhattan projects"--the United Nations building, Stuyvesant Town, Lincoln Center, and the great swaths of public housing in East Harlem--Zipp unearths a host of forgotten stories and characters that flesh out the conventional history of urban renewal. He shows how boosters hoped to make Manhattan the capital of modernity and a symbol of American power, but even as the builders executed their plans, a chorus of critics revealed the dark side of those Cold War visions, attacking urban renewal for perpetuating deindustrialization, racial segregation, and class division; for uprooting thousands, and for implanting a new, alienating cityscape. Cold War-era urban renewal was not merely a failed planning ideal, Zipp concludes, but also a crucial phase in the transformation of New York into both a world city and one mired in urban crisis.

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Samuel Zipp - Manhattan Projects, The Rise and Fal l of Urban Renewal in Cold War New York (2010).pdf

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Who Wrote That - Jennifer Peltak - Edgar Allan Poe (2004).jpg

Born wealthy, Poe was orphaned early and became dependent upon his foster father. His problems with drugs, alcohol, and gambling; his withdrawal from the University of Virginia; expulsion from West Point; marriage to his 15-year-old cousin; battles with John Allan; poverty; and eventual death by mysterious circumstances at the age of 40 all make absorbing reading. Peltak describes and illuminates the events in Poe's life that recur as themes in his horror stories and poems: death and abandonment, sickness and despair. Black-and-white photographs and engravings of people and places in the writer's life, as well as several photos of the man at various ages, are included. A two-page chronology, brief annotations of his most popular works, descriptions of six of his most famous characters, a list of selected works, a bibliography, and suggestions for further reading complete the book. This slim volume will appeal to Poe's fans as well as to students studying his work.

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Who Wrote That - Jennifer Peltak - Edgar Allan Poe (2004).pdf

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Alan Axelrod - Political History Of America's Wars Print (2007).jpg

Grade 9 Up—This comprehensive reference source is based on other publications by Axelrod, including America's Wars (Wiley, 2002; o.p.); American Treaties and Alliances (CQ, 2000); Chronicle of the Indian Wars: From Colonial Times to Wounded Knee (Alpha, 1990); My Brother's Face: Portraits of the Civil War (Chronicle, 1993); and The Macmillan Dictionary of Military Biography (1997). It focuses on the legislation, social conditions, and policies that affected the major wars and smaller rebellions and insurrections, beginning with the American Revolution and ending with the War on Terrorism and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The book opens with an extensive table of contents, chronological listings of important historical documents and of the 71 biographical entries, and an author's preface. Chronological chapters discuss each war and include background information, a summary of what happened over the course of the conflict, a timetable of events, important documents, and biographies of notable people. The inclusion of political and public opinions, propaganda, media coverage, foreign relations, diplomacy, treaties and alliances, and the consequences of each conflict gives readers multiple ways to evaluate the history presented. A bibliography concludes each chapter, and an extensive index completes the volume. Conflicts can be researched individually, or the work could be used as a textbook by advanced high school students.—Ann Joslin, Fort LeBoef School District, Waterford, PA

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Alan Axelrod - Political History Of America's Wars Print (2007).pdf

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Bruce E. Johansen - Native Americans Today, A Biog raphical Dictionary (2010).jpg

Native Americans Today: A Biographical Dictionary focuses on the lives of contemporary Native Americans. Such treatments are rare, as most Native American biographies are historical (pre-1900) and cover familiar figures. Profiles collected here are written to be enjoyable as well as instructive, presented as examples of personal storytelling that should be savored not only for their factual content, but also for the humanity they evoke.

The book focuses on Native American lives in the United States and Canada, mainly after 1900, though a few older figures are included because their lives evoke strikingly modern themes. The author, an expert on all things Native American, knows (or knew) several of the people in the entries, adding a special vibrancy to the writing. Among those profiled are former U.S. Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell, activist Eloise Cobell, and controversial political prisoner Leonard Peltier, as well as writers, artists, and musicians. The compilation also includes non-Native Americans whose lives and careers impacted Indian life.

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Bruce E. Johansen - Native Americans Today, A Biog raphical Dictionary (2010).pdf

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Douglas Flamming - African Americans in the West ( 2009).jpg

From slaves fleeing bondage in the western territories to African American cowboys and Buffalo Soldiers riding the range during the post-Civil War era to the mass migrations to western cities during World War II, African Americans played an important role in the development of the Western U.S. But did the West really deliver a life of greater freedom and opportunity?

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Douglas Flamming - African Americans in the West ( 2009).pdf

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Frommer's Washington, DC Free and Dirt Cheap (2010 ).jpg

Written by longtime residents who are also savvy travel writers, the book targets not only tourists looking for a budget-minded travel guide but also District residents who are eager to discover D.C.’s secret deals.
In October 2009, Washington D.C. ranked as the tenth most expensive city in America according to Forbes making it even more important to find good deals.

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Frommer's Washington, DC Free and Dirt Cheap (2010 ).pdf

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Glenn R. Parker - Capitol Investments, The Marketa bility of Political Skills (2008).jpg

What would you do if, the very day you were hired, you knew you could be unemployed in as little as two years? You'd seek opportunities in your current job to develop a portfolio of skills and contacts in order to make yourself more attractive to future employers. Representatives and senators think about their jobs in Congress in this way, according to Glenn R. Parker.

While in office, members of Congress plan not merely for the next election but for the next stage of their careers. By networking, serving on committees, and championing particular legislation, they deliberately accumulate human capital---expertise, networks, and reputation---which later will give them bargaining power in the job market. Parker's study of the postelective careers of more than 200 former members of Congress, both U.S. representatives and senators, who have left office during the last half century shows that such strategic planning generally succeeds. In most cases, the human capital these politicians amassed while in office increased their occupational mobility and earning power.

Capitol Investments offers a sophisticated yet accessible analysis of the acquisition and marketability of political skills. It suggests that an awareness of the trade in human capital shapes an officeholder's actions as much as the desire to win another election.

Glenn R. Parker is Distinguished Professor in the Department of Political Science at Purdue University.

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