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Anijaa01

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Rosamond McKitterick - The Uses of Literacy in Early M....pdf

Besides - 08 - Of Sorrow.mp3

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54,7 MB
4 kwi 12 17:24

Dáibhí Ó Cróinín - A New History of Ireland, Prehi storic and Early Ireland Volume I (2005).pdf

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A. R. Disney - A History of Portugal and the Portu guese Empire, From Beginnings to 1807, Volume 1 (2 009).jpg

The Kingdom of Portugal was created as a by-product of the Christian Reconquest of Hispania. With no geographical raison d’être and no obvious political roots in its Roman, Germanic, or Islamic pasts, it for long remained a small, struggling realm on Europe’s outer fringe. Then, in the early fifteenth century, this unlikely springboard for Western expansion suddenly began to accumulate an empire of its own, eventually extending more than halfway around the globe. A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire, drawing particularly on historical scholarship postdating the 1974 Portuguese Revolution, offers readers a comprehensive overview and reinterpretation of how all this happened – the first such account to appear in English for more than a generation. Volume I concerns the history of Portugal itself from pre-Roman times to the climactic French invasion of 1807, and Volume II traces the history of the Portuguese overseas empire.

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A. R. Disney - A History of Portugal and the Portu guese Empire, From Beginnings to 1807, Volume 2 (2 009).jpg

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Patrick Wyse Jackson - The Chronologers' Quest, Th e Search for the Age of the Earth (2006).jpg

The history of geology and how we learned about the age of the Earth is a fascinating subject, but Jackson, a geologist at Trinity College, Dublin, is unable to explain and pass along his enthusiasm. Aficionados might appreciate the tour through attempts to arrive at the planet's age from ancient myths, the Bible, the salinity of the oceans, temperature readings, fossils, geology, biology, radiology and cosmology. Each chapter ends with a "close but no cigar" statement of why a given theory was a good idea at the time. Numerous sections feel rushed—in particular the opening catalogue of creation myths—though when readers finally arrive at the sections on geology and fossils, Jackson injects more detail and, consequently, more interest. But while the preface states that this book is meant for a general as well as scientific audience, too many terms go undefined and too many names are dropped without immediate explanations of who the people were.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

H. B. Dewing - Procopius, History of the Wars, Boo ks I and II (2005).jpeg

Procopius' three works give us a fairly complete account of the reign of Justinian up till near the year 560A.D., and he has done us the favour of setting forth three different points of view which vary so widely thatposterity has sometimes found it difficult to reconcile them. His greatest work, as well as his earliest, is theHistory of the Wars, in eight books. The material is not arranged strictly according to chronological sequence, but so that the progress of events may be traced separately in each one of three wars. Thus the first two booksare given over to the Persian wars, the next two contain the account of the war waged against the Vandals in Africa, the three following describe the struggle against the Goths in Italy.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

H. B. Dewing - Procopius, History of the Wars, Boo ks I and II (2005).pdf

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Richard A. Gabriel - The Ancient World, Soldiers' Lives Through History (2006).jpg

What was it like to march with Julius Caesar in Gaul or fight the Goths in the Balkans? This series shows what life was and is like for soldiers. The weapons and technology change, culture changes, but human physical and psychological needs and fears do not. This lively and comprehensive series reveals what kinds of societies produced these soldiers and the ways in which the soldiers, in turn, shaped their societies. This volume provides glimpses into the day-to-day lives of soldiers of the period from the age of the Sumerians in ancient Mesopotamia to the fall of Rome, and addresses the significant political and historic issues of the times. Chapters examine the basics of military life, including recruitment, training, desertion, relations between officers and soldiers, attitudes of the civilian population to the soldiers, food, clothing, health and well-being, injuries and death, strategies and tactics in conflicts, equipment and weapons, discipline and punishment, life after the army, and other issues. The volume also includes the following resources for readers: illustrations and maps; timelines; recommended books, articles, primary documents, correspondence, and Web sites; and comprehensive indexes.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Richard A. Gabriel - The Ancient World, Soldiers' Lives Through History (2006).pdf

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Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman - The art of war in the Middle Ages, A.D. 378-1515 (1885).jpg

Chapter I. The transition from Roman to mediaeval forms in war (A.D. 378-582).

Disappearance of the Legion. Constantine's reorganization. The German tribes. Battle of Adrianople. Theodosius accepts its teaching. Vegetius and the army at the end of the fourth century. The Goths and the Huns. Army of the Eastern Empire. Cavalry all-important

Chapter II. The Early Middle Ages (A.D. 476-1066).

Paucity of Data for the period. The Franks in the sixth century. Battle of Tours. Armies of Charles the Great. The Franks become horsemen. The Northman and the Magyar. Rise of Feudalism. The Anglo-Saxons and their wars. The Danes and the Fyrd. Military importance of the Thegnhood. The House- Carles. Battle of Hastings. Battle of Durazzo.

Chapter III. The Byzantines and Their Enemies (A.D. 582-1071).

1. Character of Byzantine Strategy.
Excellence of the Byzantine Army. Scientific study of the art of war. Leo's ' Tactica.' Wars with the Frank. With the Turk. With the Slav. With the Saracen. Border warfare of Christendom and Islam. Defence of the Anatolic Themes. Cavalry as a defensive force. Professional and unchivalrous character of Byzantine officers

2. Arms, Organization, and Tactics of the Byzantines.
Reorganization of the Army of the Eastern Empire by Maurice. Its composition. Armament of the Horseman, A.D. 600-looo. Armament of the Infantry. Military Train and Engineers. The Officers. Cavalry tactics. Leo's ideal line of battle. Military Machines and their importance

Chapter IV. The Supremacy of Feudal Cavalry (A.D. 1066-1346).

Unscientific nature of feudal warfare. Consequences of headlong charges. Tactical arrangements. Their primitive nature. Non-existence of strategy. Weakness of Infantry. Attempts to introduce discipline. Rise of Mercenaries. Supreme importance of fortified places. Ascendency of the defensive. The Mediaeval siege. Improvement of the Arts of Attack and Defence of fortified places. General character. The Crusades

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13,8 MB
4 kwi 12 17:24

Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman - The art of war in the Middle Ages, A.D. 378-1515 (1885).pdf

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Louis Jacobs - Quest for the African Dinosaurs, An cient Roots of the Modern World (1993).jpg

A enterprising editor might have boosted sales of this fine book using a different title. Steve Gould's Panda's Thumbs and Flamingo's Smiles do well. Jacobs' depiction of his search for African dinosaur fossils deserves no less. Along with a fine account of his field work in Malawi and Cameroon, Jacobs' assessment of fossil composition and what it tells us about past life is illuminating. As it happens, the structure of a crocodile's nose tells us whether it lived on land or water. This seemingly dry fact relates to how our own skulls are organized, and why. Deftly woven into his story of seeking dinosaur fossils, tracing the movement of continents over the face of the globe and the status of Malawi's culture in today's world, are the threads of his research. Evolution's had a busy time of it, and Jacobs explains how to read the record of its workings.

Jabobs' travels and observations demolish the image of the austere scientist who cares only for his research and status within his guild. The title isn't "The Dinosaurs of Africa" - he's done that before. Here, he's relating his journey to make those finds, updating information on what he's found. The broader approach means learning of the travails experienced in locating the fossils, what it's like to work a dig, and how he and his team dealt with their host countries. He leaves a valid image of a broadly caring person, untrammeled by his own cultural heritage. Jacobs is adept at bringing the reader into his world. That world has a long time span, with unceasing change the only constant. He traverses millennia more easily than countries. Justly so - there're no border guards at century boundaries.

African dinosaur fossils are elusive in popular science writing. The notoriety given "the Bone Wars" in 19th Century North America have kept interest and funding largely curtailed to that region until recently. Jacobs was among the first to bring the African fossil picture into view. Although finds are being announced from that continent with increasing frequency, few of the scientists have produced a record as readable as Quest for the African dinosaurs. Nor has there come to light other examples of the follow-up in developing local expertise Jacobs has undertaken in Malawi. It's an inspiring story and one of interest far beyond fossil analysis. The final chapter, "The Good of Dinosaurs" demonstrates how a serious scientist can express awareness of his host country and act to improve desperate conditions, even if only marginally. "One small step . . . "

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Louis Jacobs - Quest for the African Dinosaurs, An cient Roots of the Modern World (1993).djvu

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Osprey - Warrior 30 - Stephen Allen - Celtic Warri or, 300 BC-AD 100 (2001).jpg

In the 1st century BC, Strabo wrote of the Celts: ‘The whole race... is madly fond of war, high-spirited and quick to battle... and on whatever pretext you stir them up, you will have them ready to face danger, even if they have nothing on their side but their own strength and courage’. This book gives an insight into the life of the Celtic warrior, and his experience of battle – on foot, on horseback, and as a charioteer. It also details Celtic society and studies the vital ritual nature of Celtic warfare, from the naked gaesatae to the woad-painted warriors.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Osprey - Men-at-arms 396 - D Lindholm, David Nicol le - Medieval Scandinavian Armies(1), 1100-1300.jpg

As the Viking Age gave way to the Middle Ages the development of Scandinavian armies showed special local characteristics, due both to the rough terrain and the relatively 'egalitarian' nature of society. Though Denmark's proximity to Germany led to the appearance there of a kind of feudal system and some heavy armoured cavalry, in Sweden and Norway there was fairly willing co-operation between the few nobles and the many free farmers. This book shows how armies were of local infantry levies raised by 'democratic' methods to defend home territory. It also details how the crossbow became very important along with ambush tactics and winter campaigning, employing the use of sledges and skis.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Osprey - Men-at-arms 399 - D Lindholm, David Nicol le - Medieval Scandinavian Armies(2), 1300-1500 (2 003).jpg

This period saw profound changes, as Scandinavia became greatly influenced by military events and developments elsewhere in Europe. Most noticeably, plate armour began to take over from mail; and important evidence is provided by the remarkable 14th century battle grave finds at Wisby, where many corpses were tipped rapidly into mass graves still wearing their armour. This book examines the traces of wounds on the thousand-plus excavated skeletons offering unique insights into the realities of medieval hand-to-hand fighting. Later the increased use of Continental mercenaries introduced massed infantry tactics, especially in Denmark during the almost unceasing 'Union Wars' of the 15th century.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Osprey - Men-at-arms 399 - D Lindholm, David Nicol le - Medieval Scandinavian Armies(2), 1300-1500 (2 003).pdf

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4 kwi 12 17:24

John Clements - Medieval Swordsmanship, Illustrate d Methods and Techniques (1998).jpg

John Clements has had a lifelong pursuit of (some say obsession with) nearly all forms of swordsmanship. He started studying historical weaponry in 1980 and has practiced cut-and-thrust swordsmanship for almost 18 years. He has practiced under five different weapon-sparring systems and trained in numerous sword arts. He started fencing at the age of 14, followed by an interest in martial arts, and in 1982 founded the Medieval Battling Club. He has spent time in Europe examining weapon collections, and his writings on swordsmanship and weapon-sparring have appeared in more than six magazines.

John is a member of the British Arms & Armor Association and taught two semesters on swordsmanship and Medieval battling at Western Nevada Community College in 1992. In 1994 he took first place in the Advanced Weapon-Sparring Competition of the U.S. National's Kung Fu Tournament in Orlando, Florida. He lectures on historical weaponry and is an ardent promoter of contact-weapon sparring and study with historical replica swords. He trains regularly in long-sword, sword & shield, sword & buckler, sword & dagger, Medieval spear, and rapier & dagger methods. He now teaches classes and seminars on Renaissance and Medieval swordsmanship in Houston, Texas, with the Historical Armed Combat Association (HACA).

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4 kwi 12 17:24

T. V. Evans, D. D. Obbink - The Language of the Pa pyri (2010).jpg

The modern rediscovery of the Greek and Latin papyri from Egypt has transformed our knowledge of the ancient world. We cannot, however, make the same claim in the specific area of language study. Although important studies of the language of the papyri have appeared sporadically over the past century, we are still dealing today with a linguistic resource of extraordinary richness which has hardly begun to be explored. Every scrap of papyrus and every ostracon (potsherd) or tablet unearthed has the potential to change some aspect of the way we think about the Greek and Latin languages. This book demonstrate that potential, by gathering together essays from seventeen scholars who present a variety of perspectives and methodological approaches. The Language of the Papyri charts current directions of international research, and will also provide a stimulus for future work.

About the Author
T. V. Evans is Lecturer in the Department of Ancient History, Macquarie University, Sydney. D. D. Obbink is Tutor in Greek Literature, Christ Church, and University Lecturer in Papyrology and Greek Literature, Oxford.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

B. McKercher - Shadow and Substance in British For eign Policy 1895-1939 (1984).jpg

Cedric James Lowe died in an automobile accident at Edmonton, Alberta on 26 April 1975. At the height of his intellectual creativity and productivity, his loss was a blow not only to his many friends but to the academic community at large. He was born in 1930 at Bath, England, the son of a school teacher. Educated first at a local school and then at Swindon, from a very young age his goal was a university education. Nevertheless, instead of proceeding directly to the fulfillment of that ambition, Lowe chose along with many of his contemporaries to satisfy his National Service obligation. For two years, 1948-49, he laboured in the Army's Intelligence Corps, conducting screening interviews with displaced eastern Europeans in Austria.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

B. McKercher - Shadow and Substance in British For eign Policy 1895-1939 (1984).pdf

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Wydawnictwo Militaria 167 - Maksym Kołomyjec - Cha łchyn-Goł 1939 (2002).jpg

Walki jakie toczyły się od maja do września 1939 roku w okolicach rzeki Chałchyn-Goł u zbiegu granic Mongolii, Chin, Mandżurii i ZSRR należą do mało znanych. Wojna radziecko-japońska z 1939 została przedstawiona w oparciu o archiwa japońskie i radzieckie. Opracowanie zawiera niepublikowane dotąd fotografie z archiwów radzieckiech, mapy terenów walk, schematy organizacyjne zaangażowanych jednostek, wzory malowania i oznakowania sprzętu, a także informacje o uzbrojeniu i wyposażeniu zarówno Armii Kwantuńskiej, jak i Armii Mongolii, Mandżukuo oraz jednostek Armii Czerwonej stacjonujących na dalekim wschodzie.

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45,4 MB
4 kwi 12 17:24

Wydawnictwo Militaria 167 - Maksym Kołomyjec - Cha łchyn-Goł 1939 (2002).PDF

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Monique O' Connell - Men of Empire, Power and Nego tiation in Venice's Maritime State (2009).jpg

The city-state of Venice, with a population of less than 100,000, dominated a fragmented and fragile empire at the boundary between East and West, between Christian, Greek Orthodox, and Muslim worlds. In this institutional and administrative history, Monique O'Connell explains the structures, processes, practices, and laws by which Venice maintained its vast overseas holdings.The legal, linguistic, religious, and cultural diversity within Venice's empire made it difficult to impose any centralization or unity among its disparate territories. O'Connell has mined the vast archival resources to explain how Venice's central government was able to administer and govern its extensive empire. O'Connell finds that successful governance depended heavily on the experience of governors, an interlocking network of noble families, who were sent overseas to negotiate the often conflicting demands of Venice's governing council and the local populations. In this nexus of state power and personal influence, these imperial administrators played a crucial role in representing the state as a hegemonic power; creating patronage and family connections between patricians and their subjects; and, using the judicial system to negotiate a balance between local and imperial interests. In explaining the institutions and individuals that permitted this type of negotiation, O'Connell offers an historical example of an early modern empire at the height of imperial expansion.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - Vauban and the French Mi litary Under Louis XIV, An Illustrated History of Fortifications and Strategies (2005).jpg

All History - Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - Vauban and the French Milit...trated History of Fortifications and Strategies 2005.jpg

A man of inventiveness, versatility and reformist ideas, Marshal Sebastien Le Preste de Vauban built a formidable ring of fortresses to protect Franc's national frontiers. More than just a fortification designer, Vauban was also a gifted economist, author, and political strategist. This book tells the complete story of Vauban's exceptional career, placing him within the framework of Louis XIV's reign and revealing his lasting influences in France and other nations. With the aid of numerous detailed drawings, 17th century bastioned fortification, artillery, and seige warfare are described in detail. Vauban's fortifications that are still standing today are particularly highlighted.

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Lise E. Hull - Britain's Medieval Castles (2005).jpg

The widespread construction of castles in Britain began as soon as Duke William of Normandy set foot on the shores of southern England in 1066. The castles that were constructed in the ensuing centuries, and whose ruins still scatter the British countryside today, provide us with an enduring record of the needs and ambitions of the times. But the essence of the medieval castle-a structure that is equal parts military, residential, and symbolic--reveals itself not only through the grandeur of such architectural masterpieces as the Tower of London, and the imposing nature of such royal residences as Windsor, but also in the aging masonry carvings, enduring battlements, and more modest earthen ramparts that have survived alongside them. Through a feature-by-feature account of the architectural elements and techniques used in constructing the medieval castle, author Lise Hull allows the multiple functions of these multifarious forms to shine through, and in so doing, lends a new vitality to the thousand faces that the medieval world assumed to discourage its enemies, inspire its friends, and control its subjects. This compelling investigation takes a unique look at each of the medieval castle's main roles: as an offensive presentation and defensive fortification, as a residential and administrative building, and as a symbolic structure demonstrating the status of its owner. Each chapter focuses on one specific role and uses concrete architectural features to demonstrate that aspect of the medieval castle in Britain. A wealth of illustrations is also provided, as is a glossary explaining the distinct parts of the castle and their functions. This book should be of interest to students researching architecture, the Middle Ages, or military history, as well as general readers interested in castles or considering a trip to Britain to observe some of these magnificent sites themselves.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Lise E. Hull - Britain's Medieval Castles (2005).pdf

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 443 - Samuel Rocca - The Army of Herod the Great (2009).jpg

Herod was Rome's most important and powerful ally at the end of the Republic. Although he has entered posterity as a ruthless ruler not only against his own family but also, according to the gospel of Matthew, as the instigator of the slaughter of the innocents. However, he was also an able administrator who developed a powerful army. At it’s peak Herod's army could field approximately 40,000 men. Comprised of both Judaean and mercenary soldiers with troops from the Germanic tribes to Parthians to Romans. As a result of this varied composition it showed both strong Hellenistic influence in its armour and cavalry and Roman influence in its use of heavy infantry making it an intriguing topic for military history enthusiasts. This book will be a fascinating look at the ancient army of Herod the Great which will use the latest Israeli archaeological reports and finds, including weapons and armour fragments.

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4 kwi 12 17:24

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 447 - David Bullocck - The Cz ech Legion 1914-20 (2009).jpg

The Czech Legion was not just a single military unit, but a volunteer army that fielded up to 100,000 troops on the Allied side on all three main fronts of the war. Since only the defeat of Austro-Hungary and Germany offered any hope for Czech national independence, they were amongst the most motivated and steadfast of the Allied forces. After the Bolshevik Revolution, they fought their way across Russia, captured the Russian national gold reserves and used this as a bargaining chip to force the Bolsheviks to allow them to return home. Today the Legion is recognised as the founding fathers of Czech nationhood. This very colourful force of World War I has never before been detailed in English and is illustrated with an astonishing array of never-before-published photographs.

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Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - French Fortifications, 1 715-1815, An Illustrated History (2009).jpg

This book describes and illustrates French fortifications from 1715 (the death of Louis XIV) to 1815 (the fall of Napoleon), focusing particularly on the Napoleonic era. After an historical background, it covers the heritage of the Ancien Regime with the important contributions of Vauban (the bastioned defense), Gribeauval's reforms in artillery, and Montalembert's innovations. Chapters explore the style of Napoleonic fortifications, siege warfare, artillery and engineering corps, as well as the Napoleonic achievements in France, Italy, German and the Netherlands, including projects that were planned but never completed. Included are nearly 250 line drawings of historic fortifications.

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