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Anijaa01

! Wiedźmin chomikuj - SERIAL (2019) Lektor PL

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John P. Rafferty - The Mesozoic Era, Age of Dinosa urs (2010).jpg

It was a time of huge “thunder lizards” roaming steamy
fern jungles; of “mammal-reptiles” walking the land of
Laurasia; of continental movements, mountain building,
and massive volcanoes; and a time of the most horrific,
earth-shattering extinctions that ever occurred on this
planet. It was the middle times of what is called the
Phanerozoic Eon, a geologic interval lasting almost a half
billion years. It was the time of the dinosaurs…and much,
much more. We call this time the Mesozoic Era.
Dinosaurs. The word itself immediately calls to mind
large, predatory reptiles stalking the Earth. As young and
old alike experience such visual, visceral responses to the
word, it is difficult to believe that a mere 200 years ago, no
one had any idea that these creatures had ever existed.
This book takes readers back to that point of discovery
and classification, when English anatomist Sir Richard
Owen first attempted to classify strange bones found in his
country. And discoveries continue. Readers will learn about
new and contradictory ideas of what the dinosaurs were—
and were not. Were they cold-blooded? Did they all vanish
in an extinction? The answers might surprise you.
Dinosaurs were the dominant life form of the Mesozoic
Era. Each period within that era had a different variety of
these amazing creatures, but all can generally be assigned
to one of two major groups: Saurischia (“lizard hips”) or
Ornithischia (“bird hips”). Those in the Saurischia group
belong to either the Sauropodomorpha subgroup, which
consist of herbivores, or the Theropoda subgroup, the
carnivores. Examples of the first subgroup would include
the Brontosaurs, an out-of-date term, but one which many
people can identify as the massive long-necked leaf-eater
of cartoons. These animals could reach 30 metres (100
feet) in length and weigh in excess of 70 metric tons.
Probably the most recognizable theropod would be the
mighty Tyrannosaurus rex, 15 metres (50 feet) and 5 metric

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John P. Rafferty - The Mesozoic Era, Age of Dinosa urs (2010).pdf

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Jon Robinson - Court Politics, Culture and Literat ure in Scotland and England, 1500-1540Culture (200 8).jpg

The focus of this study is court literature in early sixteenth-century England and Scotland. Author Jon Robinson examines courtly poetry and drama in the context of a complex system of entertainment, education, self-fashioning, dissimulation, propaganda and patronage. He places selected works under close critical scrutiny to explore the symbiotic relationship that existed between court literature and important socio-political, economic and national contexts of the period 1500 to 1540.The first two chapters discuss the pervasive influence of patronage upon court literature through an analysis of the panegyric verse that surrounded the coronation of Henry VIII. The rhetorical strategies adopted by courtiers within their literary works, however, differed, depending on whether the writer was, at the time of writing the verse or drama, excluded or included from the environs of the court. The different, often elaborate rhetorical strategies are, through close readings of selected verse, delineated and discussed in chapter three on David Lyndsay and chapter four on Thomas Wyatt and Thomas Elyot.Wyatt's integrity, his honest persona is, however, in chapter five, shown to have been a facade deliberately and adroitly crafted by the poet that allowed him to survive and flourish within a world of political intrigue at the Henrician court. Literature at times could be appropriated by the sovereign and specifically crafted on his behalf to further national and personal political objectives. The possibilities of this appropriation are explored in the final chapter through a scholarly informed imaginative analysis of the works of Buchanan, Dunbar and Wyatt.

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Jon Robinson - Court Politics, Culture and Literat ure in Scotland and England, 1500-1540Culture (200 8).pdf

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Kathleen Kuiperb - Ancient Egypt, From Prehistory to the Islamic Conquest (2010).jpg

Home to some of the most remarkable feats of engineering as well as awe-inspiring natural vistas, ancient Egypt was a land of great promise fulfilled. Its pyramids, writing systems, and art all predate the Islamic conquest and are symbols of the civilizations vitality. This volume invites readers to indulge in the splendors of ancient Egyptian culture and discover the traditions that have fired imaginations worldwide for generations. A detailed appendix profiles important sites throughout Egypt, many of which still contain remnants and artifacts that ably illustrate the import of this extraordinary civilization.

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Kathleen Kuiperb - Ancient Egypt, From Prehistory to the Islamic Conquest (2010).pdf

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Kenneth Pletcher - The History of China (2010).jpg

China’s status as an emerging superpower has captured the interest and attention of the entire world in recent times. Underlying the politics and economic structures, however, is a rich and deeply textured history of a people whose contributions to science, philosophy, mathematics, the arts, and a host of other subjects date back millennia. The events, ideas, religions, people, and places that have assumed a central place in the Chinese way of life are examined in depth in this comprehensive and far-reaching series. From China’s dynastic past to the post-Mao era, this set surveys the epic transformations that make the country what it is today. Memorable photographs and illustrations accompany the text and transport readers across time and place to experience traditions and locales at the same time unique and not unlike their own.

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Kenneth Pletcher - The History of China (2010).pdf

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Nicholas Hope - German and Scandinavian Protestant ism 1700-1918 (1995).jpg

This book is the first history in English of the Lutheran Church in Germany and Scandinavia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A period of fundamental and lasting change in the political landscape with the separation of the old twin monarchies of Sweden-Finland and Denmark-Norway in Scandinavia (1808, 1814), and the unification of Germany (1866-71), this was also a time of particular unease and upheaval for the church. Attempts to emulate the spiritual community of the early church, reform of the church establishment, and steps taken to enlighten parishioners were almost always held back by the anomalous structural legacy of the Reformation, tradition, and parish habit, sacred and profane. However, the birth of the modern nation-state and its market economy posed a fundamental challenge to the structure and ethos of the Reformation churches, as it did to the Catholic Church. The First World War deepened the crisis further: German Protestants (and the Scandinavians were not immune either, although they remained neutral), who bracketed modernity with crisis and religion with national renewal, and who saw national loyalty as a higher value than the faith, fellowship, and moral order of the church, were swept up into the maw of a modern national war machine which threatened to wipe out Protestantism altogether.

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Nicholas Hope - German and Scandinavian Protestant ism 1700-1918 (1995).pdf

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Robert Archer - The Problem of Woman in Late-Medie val Hispanic Literature (2995).jpg

What is a woman? This book questions the persistent assumption that the large corpus of medieval Hispanic texts that discuss the nature of women can be defined in terms of the clichéd discourses of misogynism and defence of women, arguing instead that the problem of gender identity is vital to them all. The texts, some well-known, others which have received scant critical attention, are each discussed in their specific contexts and in relation to the ostensible reasons for their composition, such as a political, literary, religious, or didactic 'agenda'. They are also related to the literary traditions in which they are written (misogynistic denunciation, satire, humour, defence, narrative debate, among others), and the particular theoretical problems arising from them are discussed. But it is also argued that the full meaning of the texts lies at the less immediately accessible level at which they address this very problem of definition, one which arises directly from the self-perpetuating contradictions of authoritative wisdom on the nature of women. ROBERT ARCHER holds the Cervantes Chair of Spanish, King's College London.

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Robert Archer - The Problem of Woman in Late-Medie val Hispanic Literature (2995).pdf

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Ronald L. Numbers - The Creationists, The Evolutio n of Scientific Creationism (1993).jpg

Forty-seven percent of the American people, according to a 1991 Gallup poll, believe that God made manas man is nowin a single act of creation, and within the last ten thousand years. Ronald L. Numbers chronicles the astonishing resurgence of this belief since the 1960s, as well as the creationist movement's tangled roots in the theologies of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Baptists, Presbyterians, Lutherans, Adventists, and other religious groups. Even more remarkable than Numbers's story of today's widespread rejection of the theory of evolution is the dramatic shift from acceptance of the earth's antiquity to the insistence of present-day scientific creationists that most fossils date back to Noah's flood and its aftermath, and that the earth itself is not more than ten thousand years old. Numbers traces the evolution of scientific creationism and shows how the creationist movement challenges the very meaning of science.

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Ronald L. Numbers - The Creationists, The Evolutio n of Scientific Creationism (1993).djvu

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Linda Lewin - Surprise Heirs II, Illegitimacy, Inh eritance Rights, and Public Power in the Formation of Imperial Brazil, 1822-1889 (2003).jpg

All History - Linda Lewin - Surprise Heirs II, Illegitimacy, Inheri...r in the Formation of Imperial Brazil, 1822-1889 2003.jpg

Focusing on the inheritance rights of people born outside wedlock, this book explores the legal evolution of their rights as Brazil moved from colony to nation. It offers a unique counterpoint to the conventional political history of the Brazilian Empire, which ignores important legal change involving family and inheritance law. The book also pres a new and complementary approach to recent scholarship on the family in nineteenth-century Brazil by using that research as a starting point for examining illegitimacy, marriage, and concubinage from the neglected perspective of legal change.
The author’s exhaustive study of parliamentary debates reveals how the private sphere of the family acquired fundamental significance in the public discourse of Brazil’s imperial legislators. The concluding theme of the book treats the reactionary shift away from liberal reform, the result of the “scandal in the courtroom” that the reform generated.

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Linda Lewin - Surprise Heirs II, Illegitimacy, Inh eritance Rights, and Public Power in the Formation of Imperial Brazil, 1822-1889 (2003).pdf

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Chardonnens, L.S. - Anglo-Saxon Prognostics, 900-1 100 (2007).jpg

This book offers an analysis of the status and function of the Anglo-Saxon prognostics in their manuscript context, a study of their introduction to and transmission in Anglo-Saxon England, and, for the first time, a comprehensive edition of prognostics in Old English and Latin.

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Chardonnens, L.S. - Anglo-Saxon Prognostics, 900-1 100 (2007).pdf

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Ernest B. Gilman - Plague Writing in Early Modern England (2009).jpg

During the seventeenth century, England was beset by three epidemics of the bubonic plague, each outbreak claiming between a quarter and a third of the population of London and other urban centers. Surveying a wide range of responses to these epidemics—sermons, medical tracts, pious exhortations, satirical pamphlets, and political commentary—Plague Writing in Early Modern England brings to life the many and complex ways Londoners made sense of such unspeakable devastation.
Ernest B. Gilman argues that the plague writing of the period attempted unsuccessfully to rationalize the catastrophic and that its failure to account for the plague as an instrument of divine justice fundamentally threatened the core of Christian belief. Gilman also trains his critical eye on the works of Jonson, Donne, Pepys, and Defoe, which, he posits, can be more fully understood when put into the context of this century-long project to “write out” the plague. Ultimately, Plague Writing in Early Modern England is more than a compendium of artifacts of a bygone era; it holds up a distant mirror to reflect our own condition in the age of AIDS, super viruses, multidrug resistant tuberculosis, and the hovering threat of a global flu pandemic.

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Gary Lock, Brian Leigh Molyneaux - Confronting Sca le in Archaeology, Issues of Theory and Practice ( 2006).jpg

All History - Gary Lock, Brian Leigh Molyneaux - Confronting Scale ...le in Archaeology, Issues of Theory and Practice 2006.jpg

Without realizing, most archaeologists shift within a scale of interpretation of material culture. Material data is interpreted from the scale of an individual in a specific place and time and then shifts to the complex dynamics of cultural groups extending over time and space. This ignoring of scale is the "concession" archaeologists make to interpretation. The introduction of geographical information systems (GIS) remote sensing, and virtual reality have expanded the scale at which data is interpreted even more, using multiple scales at the same time without recognizing the significance of their actions.
This book discusses the cultural, social and spatial aspects of scale and its impact on archaeology in practical and applicable cases. Each author takes one of the fundamental elements of archaeology - from the experience of time and space to the visualization of individuals, sites and landscapes to the intricacies of archaeological discourse - and shows how an awareness of scale can create new and exciting interpretations.

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Gary Lock, Brian Leigh Molyneaux - Confronting Sca le in Archaeology, Issues of Theory and Practice ( 2006).pdf

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James L. Huffman - Japan in World History (2010).jpg

Japan in World History ranges from Japan's prehistoric interactions with Korea and China, to the Western challenge of the late 1500s, the partial isolation under the Tokugawa family (1600-1868), and the tumultuous interactions of more recent times, when Japan modernized ferociously, turned imperialist, lost a world war, then became the world's second largest economy--and its greatest foreign aid donor. Writing in a lively fashion, Huffman makes rich use of primary sources, illustrating events with comments by the people who lived through them: tellers of ancient myths, court women who dominated the early literary world, cynical priests who damned medieval materialism, travelers who marveled at "indecent" Western ballroom dancers in the mid-1800s, and the emperor who justified Pearl Harbor. Without ignoring standard political and military events, the book illuminates economic, social, and cultural factors; it also examines issues of gender as well as the roles of commoners, samurai, business leaders, novelists, and priests.

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James L. Huffman - Japan in World History (2010).pdf

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Jurgen Herbst - Requiem for a German Past, A Boyho od Among the Nazis (1999).jpg

"A sensitive and illuminating portrait of a tragic period in the history of a nation and a culture." -Theodore S. Hamerow, author of On the Road to the Wolf's Lair: German Resistance to Hitler
"I believe academia and the general public want to hear from Jurgen Herbst and others like him, and though there are other such recollections in print, they are few and most are in German, and none that I know of is better written in English than this one." -Reece C. Kelly, Fort Lewis College
Jurgen Herbst's account of growing up in Nazi Germany from 1928 to 1948 is a boy's experience of anti-Semitism and militarism from the inside. His father was a loving parent, a scholar, a man of principle-and a German officer.
Herbst was a middle-class boy in a Lutheran family that saw value in Prussian military ideals and a mythic German past. His is a compelling tale of moral awakening. He recalls his confusion as some of his classmates are no longer welcome at his school, and his consternation as he tries to reconcile what he learned from his favorite teachers and what was subsequently taught by their party replacements. His description of walking to school the morning after Kristallnacht is clear and chilling.
A Hitler youth in the making, he joined the Jungvolk and slowly became aware of the real nature of the National Socialist regime. The story of that evolution-a unique, insider's view of the Nazi youth movement-is inspired by young Jurgen's deep friendships with his fellow students and their dedication to a military code of personal honor and loyalty. His devotion to those young men allowed him to endure scorn and deprivation and to risk personal well-being, even life, in the face of a brutal evil that demanded unquestioning allegiance.

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Jurgen Herbst - Requiem for a German Past, A Boyho od Among the Nazis (1999).pdf

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Michael Lapidge - The Anglo-Saxon Library (2006).jpg

The cardinal role of Anglo-Saxon libraries in the transmission of classical and patristic literature to the later middle ages has long been recognized, for these libraries sustained the researches of those English scholars whose writings determined the curriculum of medieval schools: Aldhelm, Bede, and Alcuin, to name only the best known. Yet this is the first full-length account of the nature and holdings of Anglo-Saxon libraries from the sixth century to the eleventh.
The early chapters discuss libraries in antiquity, notably at Alexandria and republican and imperial Rome, and also the Christian libraries of late antiquity which supplied books to Anglo-Saxon England. Because Anglo-Saxon libraries themselves have almost completely vanished, three classes of evidence need to be combined in order to form a detailed imion of their holdings: surviving inventories, surviving manuscripts, and citations of classical and patristic works by Anglo-Saxon authors themselves.
After setting out the problems entailed in using such evidence, the book is pred with appendices containing editions of all surviving Anglo-Saxon inventories, lists of all Anglo-Saxon manuscripts exported to continental libraries during the eighth century and then all manuscripts re-imported into England in the tenth, as well as a catalogue of all citations of classical and patristic literature by Anglo-Saxon authors.
A comprehensive index, arranged alphabetically by author, combines these various classes of evidence so that the reader can see at a glance what books were known where and by whom in Anglo-Saxon England. The book thus pres, within a single volume, a vast amount of information on the books and learning of the schools which determined the course of medieval literary culture.

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Michael Lapidge - The Anglo-Saxon Library (2006).pdf

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Michel Pastoureau - Black, The History of a Color (2008).jpg

Black--favorite color of priests and penitents, artists and ascetics, fashion designers and fascists--has always stood for powerfully opposed ideas: authority and humility, sin and holiness, rebellion and conformity, wealth and poverty, good and bad. In this beautiful and richly illustrated book, the acclaimed author of Blue now tells the fascinating social history of the color black in Europe.
In the beginning was black, Michel Pastoureau tells us. The archetypal color of darkness and death, black was associated in the early Christian period with hell and the devil but also with monastic virtue. In the medieval era, black became the habit of courtiers and a hallmark of royal luxury. Black took on new meanings for early modern Europeans as they began to print words and images in black and white, and to absorb Isaac Newton's announcement that black was no color after all. During the romantic period, black was melancholy's friend, while in the twentieth century black (and white) came to dominate art, print, photography, and film, and was finally restored to the status of a true color.
For Pastoureau, the history of any color must be a social history first because it is societies that give colors everything from their changing names to their changing meanings--and black is exemplary in this regard. In dyes, fabrics, and clothing, and in painting and other art works, black has always been a forceful--and ambivalent--shaper of social, symbolic, and ideological meaning in European societies.
With its striking design and compelling text, Black will delight anyone who is interested in the history of fashion, art, media, or design

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Neil Kenny - The Uses of Curiosity in Early Modern France and Germany (2004).jpg

Why did people argue about curiosity in France, Germany, and elsewhere in Europe between the sixteenth and the eighteenth centuries, so much more than today? Why was curiosity a fashionable topic in early modern conduct manuals, university dissertations, scientific treatises, sermons, newspapers, novellas, plays, operas, ballets, poems, from Corneille to Diderot, from Johann Valentin Andreae to Gottlieb Spizel? Universities, churches, and other institutions invoked curiosity in order to regulate knowledge or behavior, to establish who should try to know or do what, and under what circumstances. As well as investigating a crucial episode in the history of knowledge, this study makes a distinctive contribution to historiographical debates about the nature of "concepts." Curiosity was constantly reshaped by the uses of it. And yet, strangely, however much people contested what curiosity was, they often agreed that what they were disagreeing about was one and the same thing.

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