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Wikingowie-Waregowie-Normanowie

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4,5 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

The Peoples of Europe - Marjorie Chibnall - The No rmans (2001).pdf

This book examines the emergence of the Normans, their characteristics as a group, and their various achievements in war, culture and civilization.

The Normans were a product of history rather than a natural ethnic or regional group. This book explores what they believed made them a distinct people and how they constructed their identity. Marjorie Chibnall examines the enigma of the Northmen who first settled around the Seine estuary and built a principality that took their name and became the springboard for wider expansion and the conquest of England. The book moves on to study the rise of Normandy, and the integration and influence of other groups including the Saxons, the Franks and new Scandinavian leaders. The Normans' remarkable warfare and maritime successes are revealed in detail including their conquest of England, infiltration of Wales and Scotland, and assimilation in Ireland; and their campaigns in the South of Europe including southern Italy and the Mediterranean region. The book also examines the development of Norman culture; the writing of their own history; Norman myth; and their achievements in bringing together various racial and cultural elements to form a single people.

This book provides the most comprehensive examination of the Normans available and will be invaluable for students and all those interested in European history.

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11,8 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

World History - Don Nardo - The Vikings (2011).pdf

For the people of Europe in the early medieval era, the story of the Vikings was one of unexpected and naked violence, of the triumph of the strong and ruthless, and of
the suffering of the weak and innocent. The prelude to this epic tale of woe was rooted in late ancient times. In the final century of the Roman Empire, spanning the 400s A.D., tribal peoples from across northern Europe began migrating. Searching for new lands, economic opportunities, and often simply booty, they steadily invaded, overran, and absorbed the empire’s outlying provinces. As a result, in the year 476 that realm officially ceased to exist.

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10,4 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Richard Perkins - Thor the Wind-raiser and the Eyr arland Image (2001).pdf

Sometime around 1816, during excavations at Eyjafjörður, in northern Iceland, a small bronze image of a seated male figure was discovered. The object was cast by the "lost wax" process, sometime in the 10th century or earlier, and perhaps had once been gilded. It is 3-dimensional, 6.7 cm. tall. The seated figure appears to be naked except for a conical hat or helmet. His mouth is open, and he grips with both hands two vertical columns that descend from the vicinity of his chin and terminate between his knees in a clover-leaf design.

For reasons that are not entirely clear, the so-called Eyrarland image (EI) was already identified as a likeness of Þórr in 1820, when the first illustrations of the figure were published in the Swedish journal, Iduna. That identification has persisted to the present day, and many descriptions of EI confidently identify the object that is being grasped with both hands as Þórr's hammer, Mjöllner. The only problem is, it doesn't resemble other representations of Mjöllner, nor does it match the description of the hammer the dwarfs fashioned for Þórr. Partly for this reason, other theories have been advanced from time to time to explain the object in the figure's grasp. Among the more interesting was one proposed by Lotte Motz in a 1992 article in The Mankind Quarterly, that EI represents a musician "playing an instrument which shows a close resemblance to a double flute."

In Thor the Wind-Raiser, Richard Perkins presents what is probably the definitive explanation of the Eyrarland image, one that accepts the figure's traditional identification as a likeness of Þórr, yet is not far from Motz's vision of a wind-instrument player. Perkins begins by reviewing the importance of wind-power in early societies, and the widespread invocation of particular deities to assure favorable winds. This would have had especial relevance for Viking Age Scandinavians, who were distinguished for their seafaring exploits. Favorable winds bestowed advantage in trading and warfare; a contrary wind or becalmed seas could mean loss of fortune or even one's life. Yet the wind was a fickle and mysterious force. As Hávamál counsels,

much veers the wind ere the fifth day
and blows round yet more in a month.

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3,3 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

James H. Barrett - Contact, Continuity, and Collap se (2003).pdf

This collection of ten papers investigates the Norse colonization of the North Atlantic region, starting with Viking expansion in Arctic Norway and ending with a discussion of the longterm implications of medieval Scandinavian exploration of the New World. Each chapter provides a short regional synthesis of the archaeological evidence and, where appropriate, addresses three interrelated themes: the relationship between native and newcomer; the creation of local identities in the settlement period; the relationship between archaeology, history and the construction of modern national identities. In sequence, the chapters focus on North Norway, the Faeroes, Scotland, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, the Inuits of Smith Sound, L'Anse aux Meadows and Vinland, together with introductory and concluding chapters.

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1,7 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Viking art class.pdf

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5,0 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Rory McTurk - A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic L iterature and Culture (2005).pdf

This major survey of Old Norse-Icelandic literature and culture comprises 29 chapters written by leading scholars in the field, over a third of whom are Icelanders. At the same time, it conveys a sense of the mainland Scandinavian origins of the Icelandic people, and reflects the ongoing contact between Iceland and other countries and cultures.

The volume highlights current debates among Old Norse-Icelandic scholars specializing in different aspects of the subject. Coverage of traditional topics is complemented by material on previously neglected areas of study, such as the sagas of Icelandic bishops and the translated knights’ sagas. Chapters on ‘archaeology’, ‘social institutions’ and ‘geography and travel’ make it possible to view the literature in its wider cultural context while chapters on ‘reception’ and ‘continuity’ demonstrate the ways in which medieval Norse-Icelandic literature and culture overflow into the modern period.

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9,9 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Greta Arwidsson, Gosta Berg - A Viking Age Tool Ch est from Gotland (1999).pdf

The chest was found in Mastrmyr on the the island of Gotland, Sweden in 1936. More than 200 objects were found in and around it. Most are tools that were used by blacksmiths and carpenters, many of them amazingly modern in appearance.

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4,3 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Katherine Holman - Historical Dictionary of the Vi kings (2003).pdf

The remarkable achievements of the Vikings become clear in this A to Z guide. The entries reflect the great distances that the Vikings travelled, the people and cultures they encountered both to the east and the west, the conflict between Christianity and paganism, the archaeological sites they left behind, their runes, inscriptions and artefacts, and the sagas and legends that are still read today. The cross-referenced entries are informative and scholarly, although brief, and followed by an extensive bibliography. and a list of museums with Viking collections. 383p

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31,8 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

John Haywood - Historical Atlas of the Vikings (19 95).pdf

Viking marauders in their longships burst through the defenses of 9th-century Europe, striking terror into the hearts of monks, peasants, and rulers. But the Vikings were more than seaborne terrorists. This atlas shows their development as traders and craftsmen, explorers, settlers, and mercenaries, and follows the routes of Viking merchants from Constantinople to the new world. Full color.

About the Author
John Haywood is the author of a number of books, including The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings and The Historial Atlas of the Celtic World (Thames & Hudson). He lives in Lancaster.

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0,5 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Alfta Reginleif - Religious Practices of the Pre-C hristian and Viking Age (2002).pdf

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2,4 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

F.Donald Logan - The Vikings in History (2003).pdf

In the second edition of this lovely and comprehensive book, F. Donald Logan examines the role of the Vikings in European history. Drawing upon archaeological, literary, and historical evidence, Donald Logan describes the Viking expeditions overseas, and their transformation from terrifying raiders to assimilated settlers whose rich culture played an influential role in European civilization.

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5,0 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Eric Christiansen - The Norsemen in Viking Age (20 06).pdf

Histories of the Vikings have recently tended to emphasize political or social transitions. Eric Christiansen separates the Nordic peoples from the organizing principles which others have used and attempts to describe life in their homelands and colonies in terms of more, or less, ingenious responses to hostile environments at home and overseas.

Guiding readers past some traditional and current controversies surrounding the Norsemen in the period 750-1050, the author discusses twelve key topics. After a survey of the ecology, social conventions and self-awareness of individuals and groups, he moves on to cover the major areas of Norse activity; politics, war, work and migration. The final chapters reconstruct viking-age ideas about the past, present and future in order to offer insight into contemporary behaviour.

Runic, poetic and archaeological evidence is used to illustrate the author's arguments, whilst an appendix sketches the outline of modern research and the directions it is taking.

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36,4 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Aidan Meehan - Celting Design, The Dragon And The Griffin, The Viking Impact (1995).pdf

The designs and patterns of the Celts, expressed in their metalwork, stonework and jewelry, and continued in the manuscript illumination of Celtic Christianity, are an art form whose legacy has fascinated both Celtic and non-Celtic peoples for centuries. This book adds to the series of practical, step-by-step guides on Celtic design for designers and craftspeople. It studies the intricate dragon and griffin patterns that form the basis of the distinctive style of art that arose after the Viking's invasion of Ireland around 850 AD.

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34,2 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

A.G. Smith - Viking Designs (1999).pdf

Over 175 dynamic, copyright-free motifs—in a wide range of styles—.taken from the metalwork, woodwork, textiles, carving, and ceramics of the Viking homelands. Sinuously intertwined patterns, mythological animals, dragon-slaying heroes on horseback and many more. Now available in this inexpensive volume, these authentic images will provide endless inspiration and striking embellishments to graphic projects for artists, illustrators and craftspeople.

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0,8 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Peter Beatson - Viking Shield From Archaeology (20 08).pdf

Introduction

The large circular shield of the Vikings was part of a conservative tradition of manufacture. The best known intact examples from the Viking Age are those that lined the gunwales of the buried warship from Gokstad, Norway (Fig. 1) dated to c.905 AD (Bonde and Christensen 1993). They are similar to shields from Thorsberg bog (Raddatz 1987) and other Danish weapon deposits of the Roman Iron Age. Though archaeological evidence dries up with the adoption of Christian burial rites, art sources (such as the Lewis chessmen) indicate that kite shields were accepted in the Norse lands in the twelfth century, along with a small round buckler (Karlsson 1993). Scandinavian settlers seem to have adopted different (native Insular?) designs in the Irish Sea region, judging by material from burials there. These variants may be discussed in a separate paper.

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24,6 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

La Vie privée des Hommes - Louis-Rene Nougier, Pie rre Joubert - Au temps des Vikings 793-1066 (1982).pdf

Sous la direction de Pierre Miquel, l'histoire s'humanise. Les enfants se passionnent pour la vie quotidienne des hommes grâce à des textes et des illustrations riches en détails. Chaque ouvrage propose en outre un certain nombre d'outils pédagoiques: cartes, biographies, repères chronologiques et vignettes à découper.
Comment expliquer la formidable expansion des Vikings? Quelles étaient leurs règles sociales et leurs croyances? Bien loin du peuple barbare que l'on imagine souvent, les Vikings avaient développé une civilisation originale et dynamique aux coutumes étonnantes et aux productions artisanales d'une grande richesse. Grâce à des dessins de reconstitutions historiques et un texte d'un grand sérieux scientifique, les enfants entrent dans l'intimité de ces mystérieux hommes du froid et de la mer.

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22,1 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Jan Petersen - De Norske Vikingesverd (1919).pdf

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12,8 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Anne Stine Ingsta - Discovery of a Norse Settlemen t in America (1977).pdf

In this volume the results of the excavations of a settlement discovered by Helge Ingstad in 1960 on the northern point of Newfoundland are presented together with an archaeological assessment of the finds, which comprise house-sites and other archaeological material. The site is located at Epaves Bay, near the little fishing settlement of L'Anse aux Meadows. During the period 1961-1968, Helge Ingstad organized seven archaeologi-cal expeditions, in the course of which these house-sites were excavated. The scholars participating in these expeditions formed international teams, and their names are listed in Helge Ingstad's foreword to this book; I would use this opportunity to thank each and every one of them not only for excellent work done, but also for the atmosphere of friendship which obtained during our life and work at these expeditions. Some of them have contributed to this volume, and valuable scientif,rc contributions from other scholars are also included.

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5,5 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Crowood - Europa Militaria Special 6 - Carl Schulz e - The Vikings Recreated In Color Photographs (19 99).pdf

A remarkable photographic recreation of the appearance of the Norse explorers, invaders and colonists of 8th-11th century Europe. The combination of specialist photography and 'living history' societies allows us to study and record the appearance and lifestyle of the Vikings: the Norse costume, weapons, armor, tools and homes.

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12,7 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

William R. Short - Icelanders in the Viking Age, T he People of the Sagas (2010).pdf

The Sagas of Icelanders are enduring stories from Viking-Age Iceland filled with love and romance, battles and feuds, tragedy and comedy. Yet these tales are little read today, even by lovers of literature. The culture and history of the people depicted in the Sagas are often unfamiliar to the modern reader, though the audience for whom the tales were intended would have had an intimate understanding of the material. This text introduces the modern reader to the daily lives and material culture of the Vikings. Topics covered include Icelandic religion, social customs, the settlement of disputes, and major milestones in life of Viking-Age Icelanders. Issues of dispute among scholars, such as the nature of settlement and the division of land, are addressed in the text.

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1,9 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Jacob Abbott - History of William the Conqueror (1 902).pdf

A book from Makers of History series by Jacob Abbott, an American writer of juvenile fiction, brief histories, biographies and works in popular science.
From the author: In selecting the subjects for the successive volumes of this series, it has been the object of the author to look for the names of those great personages whose histories constitute useful, and not merely entertaining, knowledge. There are certain names which are familiar, as names, to all mankind; such personages as Hannibal, Alexander, Cæsar, Cleopatra, Darius, Xerxes, Alfred, William the Conqueror, Queen Elizabeth, and Mary Queen of Scots, it is the design and object of these volumes to communicate, in a faithful, and, at the same time, if possible, in an attractive manner.

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1,1 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Kristyna Arcarti - Runes, A Beginner's Guide (1999 ).pdf

This book shows how the ancient runic alphabet of the Celts and Vikings, when inscribed in bone, wood, or stone, can be used to enlighten all areas of one's life.

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14,5 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Barbarians! - Kathryn Hinds - Vikings (2010).pdf

Gr 9 Up-To read this title is to alter forever mythical perceptions of Viking heroes. The clearly written text avoids romanticizing, yet presents an engrossing, if not glamorous, picture of the Viking era. Hence, while readers may be impressed by the artistic skill, bravery, and determination of Norsemen adventurers, they also see their undeniable brutality. The volume presents not just facts, but riveting accounts of scientific discoveries and historic breakthroughs that have led to the determination of these facts. Thus, the painstaking work of salvaging ships and excavating burial mounds is clearly detailed, and full explanations are given when conclusions can be drawn from discoveries. Text and excellent-quality photographs display how a 10th-century skull, combined with 20th-century laser and computer technology, can bring us face to face with the eerie likeness of a man dead a thousand years. A heavily noted timeline, an extensive bibliography, and a full index add to the overall appeal.

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20,2 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

David Crouch - Normans, The History of a Dynasty ( 2006).pdf

The Normans is the history of a dynasty. It is also the history of ruthless ambition, rivalry and war between brothers and cousins. The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 was a critical moment in history. Following the death of Harold at the battle of Hastings, it established William, duke of Normandy, on the throne of England. By ending Anglo-Saxon rule, it tied England to Normandy and to involvement in France for the next five hundred years.

The Normans were pioneers of strong government, vigorous builders of church-es and castles, and fierce warriors. William l's death was followed by civil war and continued tension between England and Normandy, unresolved at the time of he death of William Rufus in a hunting accident in the New Forest in 1100. Peace under Henry I was followed by final eclipse after the Anarchy of Stephen's reign, when 'Christ and his saints slept'.

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5,5 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Osprey - Warrior 01 - Christopher Gravett - Norman Knight 950-1204 AD (2006).pdf

Throughout the 11th and 12th centuries the Norman knight was possibly the most feared warrior in Western Europe. He was descended originally from the Vikings who had settled in Northern France under their leader Rollo in or around 911 at the behest of Charles the Simple and throughout the following centuries they remembered and built on their warlike reputation. This book shows how their military prowess was renowned throughout the known world and resulted in Normans conquering Sicily in 1060 and England in 1066, as well as participating in many important battles in Italy and playing a major part in the First Crusade.

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175,1 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Dan and Susanna Shadrake, Richard Hook - Brassey's History of Uniforms - Babarian Warriors - Saxons, Vikings, Normans (1997).pdf

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30,4 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Ian Peirce - Swords of the Viking Age (2002).pdf

This new work fills a vacuum in English language studies of the swords made and used in northern Europe during the Viking Age, from the mid-eighth through to the mid-eleventh century. Given the mission of seeking out the best representative examples of the broad diversity of sword types surviving from this time, Ian Peirce, lecturer and museum consultant, travelled to museums of northern Europe and, from the hundreds of swords he handled, selected some sixty examples. While a few of these swords will be well known from inclusion in previous publications but are too important to omit, the majority are rarely seen or newly shown here. Where possible, a full-length photograph and photographs of details have been included for each example, with the illustrations and descriptions of most of the swords covering two facing pages. Eight pages of colour illustrations are included, three of which are reproductions from Lorange's unsurpassed lithographs of 1889. A brief illustrated overview of blade types and construction, pattern-welding, inscriptions and handle forms and their classification under Jan Petersen's classification is included as an introduction to the catalogue of examples which forms the bulk of this work.

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Wzorcowa książka historyczna

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8,8 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Kathleen N. Daly - Norse Mythology A to Z (2009).pdf

"Norse Mythology A to Z, Third Edition" examines the characters, objects, and places whose stories make up the folklore of the Norse people, who lived in the region known today as Scandinavia. Passed down through the generations by word of mouth and finally written down in the 13th century and later, these myths include tales of gods and goddesses; heroes, giants, and dwarfs; and serpents and dragons that inhabit enchanted realms. This colorful volume brings to life many of these Nordic myths. Entries of this title include: the most famous gods and goddesses, such as Odin, Thor, and Freya; plants and animals important to Norse mythology, such as the oak tree and the eagle; stories and poems, such as "Treasures of the Dwarfs" and the "Poetic Edda"; and, much more.

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1,7 MB
13 mar 15 8:56

Sigfús Blöndal, Benedikt Benedikz - The Varangians of Byzantium (2007).djvu

An aura of romance has clung about the Varangians for over six centuries. This book examines how the Norsemen came to be drawn into the Imperial service until the greatest of all the Emperors of the East, Basil II, formed them into the regiment of guards which was to give unique service to the Empire. It surveys the history of the regiment down to the collapse of High Byzantium in 1204 and traces the remnant of the Varangians to the very last day of the Empire in May 1453.

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