Opracowanie publikacji:

John Lyons, Wstęp do językoznawstwa (Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics), przełożył Krzysztof Bogacki, PWN, Warszawa 1979 (oryg. Cambridge University Press 1968).

z chomika Aleksandra80

2,7 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Jack the Ripper Encyclopedia.PDF

Author: John J. Eddleston
Publisher: ABC-Clio Inc

Over 100 years ago, a serial killer murdered a number of prostitutes in the East End of London. He was the first serial killer to terrorize a large city—at a time when literacy was rising and the power of the newspaper press was enormous. “Jack the Ripper” was the popular name that originated from letters sent to the press by somebody purporting to be the killer.
The gruesome murders immediately entered the popular consciousness, and interest in them remains high even today. Despite, or because of, the lack of agreement among scholars about many aspects of the murders (we do not even know how many victims he claimed), Jack the Ripper has spawned a vast number of books and films. But we are no closer to knowing his identity.

z chomika gothicaz

9,1 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

The Arthurian Companion: The Legendary World of Ca melot and the Round Table.pdf

Author: Phyllis Ann Karr
Publisher: Chaosium

Written in a warm and entertaining style, The Arthurian Companion contains over one thousand entries, cross-referenced, annotated, and carefully revised for the second edition. It is an alphabetical guide to the "who's who" of Arthurian legend, a "what's what" of famous Arthurian weapons and artifacts, and a "where's where" of geographical locations appearing in Arthurian literature. An extensive chronology of King Arthur's reign is included. The Arthurian Companion is an invaluable reference for researchers and for lovers of medieval romance.

z chomika gothicaz

15,1 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Encyclopedia_of_Bilingual_Education.pdf

Author: Josué M. González
Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc

The simplest definition of bilingual education is the use of two languages in the teaching of curriculum content in K–12 schools. There is an important difference to keep in mind between bilingual education and the study of foreign languages as school subjects: In bilingual education, two languages are used for instruction, and the goal is academic success in and through the two languages. The traditional model of foreign-language study places the emphasis on the acquisition of the languages themselves.

Key Features
* Explores in a comprehensive, non-technical way the intricacies of this subject from multiple perspectives: its history, policy, classroom practice, instructional design, and research bases
* Shows connections between bilingual education and related subjects, such as linguistics, education equity issues, socio-cultural diversity, and the nature of demographic change in the United States
* Documents the history of bilingual education in the last half of the 20th century and summarizes its roots in earlier periods
* Discusses important legislation and litigation documents

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4,2 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Encyclopedia Of Science Fiction.pdf

Author: Don D'Ammassa
Publisher: Facts on File

The work is alphabetical and combines articles on authors, novels, novellas, short stories, and series. A term in capitals in one article sends the reader to another. Articles range from a few paragraphs to a page or two. A glossary, a list of Hugo and Nebula Award winners, bibliographies of science fiction works and secondary sources, and an index complete the volume. Although the emphasis seems to be on British and American authors, there are entries for a few writers outside the English-speaking world. Coverage extends from Mary Shelley's Frankenstein to the present.

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4,4 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Science Fact and Science Fiction An Encyclopedia.pdf

Author: Brian Stableford
Publisher: Routledge

Science Fact and Science Fiction examines in one volume how science has propelled science-fiction and, to a lesser extent, how science fiction has influenced the sciences. Although coverage will discuss the science behind the fiction from the Classical Age to the present, focus is naturally on the 19th century to the present, when the Industrial Revolution and spectacular progress in science and technology triggered an influx of science-fiction works speculating on the future. As scientific developments alter expectations for the future, the literature absorbs, uses, and adapts such contextual visions. The goal of the Encyclopedia is not to present a catalog of sciences and their application in literary fiction, but rather to study the ongoing flow andcounterflow of influences, including how fictional representations of science affect how we view its practice and disciplines. Although the main focus is on literature, other forms of science fiction, including film and video games, are explored and, because science is an international matter, works from non-English speaking countries are discussed as needed.

z chomika gothicaz

19,5 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Concise Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Language(1).pdf

Author: Edited by P. Lamarque
Publisher: Pergamon

Philosophers have had an interest in language from the earliest times but the twentieth century, with its so-called 'linguistic turn' in philosophy, has seen a huge expansion of work focused specifically on language and its foundations. No branch of philosophy has been unaffected by this shift of emphasis. It is timely at the end of the century to review and assess the vast range of issues that have been developed and debated in this central area.

The distinguished international contributors present a clear, accessible guide to the fundamental questions raised by the philosophers about language. Contributions include Graeme Forbes on necessity, Susan Haack on deviant logics, Paul Horwich on truth, Charles Travis on Wittgenstein, L.J. Cohen on linguistic philosophy, Ruth Kempson on semantics and syntax and Christopher Hookway on ontology, to name but a few. A wide range of topics are covered from the metaphysics and ontology of language, language and mind, truth and meaning, to theories or reference, speech act theory, philosophy of logic and formal semantics. There are also articles on key figures from the twentieth century and earlier.

Based on the foundation provided by the award-winning Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics this single volume provides a collection of articles that will be an invaluable reference tool for all those interested in the area of philosophy of language, and also to those in cognitive science and psychology. All the articles have been thoroughly revised and updated. This volume gives a unique survey of topics that are at the very core of contemporary philosophy.

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16,8 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

(Que Publishing) The Whatiscom Encyclopedia of Tec hnology Terms.pdf

Whatis.com's Encyclopedia of Technology Terms belongs on the bookshelf of anyone who's ever been tripped up by a computer acronym, curious about the origins of a technology term, or looking for the definitive guide to get them through a world laced with jargon, computer acronyms, and techno-speak. Written in plain English and organized alphabetically, Whatis.com's Encyclopedia of Technology Terms gives you easy-to-understand definitions to more than 3,500 technology terms and 10,000 acronyms, covering computer hardware, software, networking, the World Wide Web and Internet, data storage, wireless telecommunications, and security. Students, writers, journalists, high-tech marketers, and computer enthusiasts alike will find Whatis.com's Encyclopedia of Technology Terms an indispensable and enjoyable companion in today's technology-driven world.

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3,1 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Encyclopedia of Contemporary Spanish Culture (Ency clopedias of Contemporary Culture).pdf

The 750 A-Z entries in this new work cover the cultural and political developments throughout Spain, including the culture of Catalonia, Galicia and the Basque country. Coverage spans from the end of the Civil War in 1939 to the present day, with emphasis on the changes made since the demise of the Franco dictatorship in 1975.
Entries range from shorter, factual articles to longer overview essays which offer an in-depth treatment of major issues. The encyclopedia defines culture in its broadest sense, and encompasses a wide range of subjects, including entries on:
advertising, Antonio Banderas, dance, detective fiction, education, fashion, Antonio Gaudi, golf, journalism, opera, politics, racism, science, sculpture, stock exchanges, tennis, theatre, urbanization, and much more. This volume provides a comprehensive index, a thematic contents list and annotated suggestions for further reading following the longer articles.
The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Spanish Culture is an invaluable resource for students of Spanish or European studies, professionals working in overseas and "hispanophiles" at all levels.

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9,1 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Architecture.pdf

An international collection of 300 writers—including architectural and urban historians, preservationists, architects, engineers, critics, and scholars—presents a comprehensive and critical assessment of buildings, architects, cities, technologies, planning, and numerous related topics. Over 700 cross-referenced critical essays range in length from 1,000 to 6,000 words and include bibliographies to facilitate further study. The entries are brought vividly to life by over 500 black-and-white illustrations, as well as 24 pages of color images, including architectural drawings, plans, and contemporary and historic photographs.

Unlike existing reference works on the subject, which are limited to biographical or regional coverage, the Encyclopedia analyzes the complexities of rapidly changing global conditions, helping users understand the dispersal of architectural types, movements, styles, and building practices across geographic and cultural boundaries. Readers will learn not only about noted architects, prominent firms, and influential buildings, but also about architecture's role—physical, social, artistic, and political—in the development of cities, countries, and regions worldwide.

Designed for the general reader as well as scholars and experts, the Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Architecture offers far-reaching coverage and provides a complete one-stop reference resource on architecture throughout the world over the past hundred years.

z chomika gothicaz

41,0 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

The Synonym Finder.pdf

Author: J. I. Rodale
Publisher: Rodale Books

This is the best thesaurus there is. It supplies more synonyms, analogs, parallels, equivalents and comparable words in English than any other source, online or off. No other thesaurus comes near to it for completeness or breadth. Compiled in dictionary form, like the one in your word processors, there's no index or cross-referencing [but of course this siPDF version is searchable :)]. Just look up a word, any word, and it proceeds to overwhelm you with alternative choices (a total of 1.5 million synonyms are presented in 1,361 pages), including short phrases and only mildly related words. Rather than being a problem of imprecision, the Finder's broad inclusiveness prods your imagination and prompts your recall.

z chomika gothicaz

3,8 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Dictionary_Linguistics_Phonetics.pdf

Author: David Crystal
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

David Crystal's A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics has long been the standard single-volume reference for its field. Now available in its sixth edition, it has been revised and updated to reflect the latest terms in the field.
* Includes in excess of 5,100 terms, grouped into over 3,000 entries
* Coverage reflects recommendations by a team of experts in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics, making it exceptionally comprehensive
* Incorporates new ideas stemming from the minimalist program
* Contains a separate table of abbreviations and table of symbols, along with an updated International Phonetic Alphabet
* Updates entries to reflect the way established terms are now perceived in light of changes in the field, providing a unique insight into the historical development of linguistics
* Remains the standard single-volume reference for the field of linguistics and phonetics

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29,8 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Webster's Dictionary of English Usage(1).pdf

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29,8 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Webster's Dictionary of English Usage.pdf

Author: Merriam Webster
Publisher: Merriam Webster

Webster's Dictionary of English Usage is a work of unparalleled authority and scholarship from Merriam-Webster, America's leading dictionary publisher for almost 150 years. Our editors have long been documenting the use of those words that pose special problems of confused or disputed usage. Thus this work brings to the reader resources that include what is believed to be the world's largest archive of 20th-century English usage, almost 14 million citations (examples of words used in context), collected over 100 years from thousands of sources, ranging from the Times Literary Supplement to Scientific American.

Webster's Dictionary of English Usage is intended to serve the reader or writer who wishes to go beyond the personal predilections of a particular commentator or the subjective pronouncements of a usage panel. It is ideal for anyone who wants to understand the nature of the problematical usage and what others have had to say about it; how accomplished writers actually deal with the matter, whether what they do is in keeping with the received wisdom or not; and the basis for the advice offered.

Webster's Dictionary of English Usage presents all of these things in a clear and readable fashion. For those who love the language this is not just a reference book to be picked up only to settle a dispute or solve a practical writing problem. Here is the real stuff of language, the opportunity to experience its vitality through more than 20,000 illustrative quotations from the best writers in the language.

Webster's Dictionary of English Usage belongs on the bookshelf or desk of everyone who is serious about the language. Its wealth of information and careful guidance will amply repay the modest investment of its purchase.

z chomika gothicaz

3,1 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Bryson’s Dictionary for Writers and Editors.pdf

Author: Bill Bryson
Publisher: Anchor

From one of America's most beloved and bestselling authors, a wonderfully useful and readable guide to the problems of the English language most commonly encountered by editors and writers.

What is the difference between “immanent” and “imminent”? What is the singular form of graffiti? What is the difference between “acute” and “chronic”? What is the former name of “Moldova”? What is the difference between a cardinal number and an ordinal number? One of the English language's most skilled writers answers these and many other questions and guides us all toward precise, mistake-free usage. Covering spelling, capitalization, plurals, hyphens, abbreviations, and foreign names and phrases, Bryson's Dictionary for Writers and Editors will be an indispensable companion for all who care enough about our language not to maul, misuse, or contort it.

This dictionary is an essential guide to the wonderfully disordered thing that is the English language. As Bill Bryson notes, it will provide you with “the answers to all those points of written usage that you kind of know or ought to know but can’t quite remember.”

z chomika gothicaz

7,7 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Metaphorically Speaking; A Dictionary of 3,800 Pi cturesque Idiomatic Expressions.pdf

Author: Nicholas Edwin Renton
Publisher: Warner Books

There are books on antonyms, synonyms, and rhyming words, but this is the first paperback work on metaphors, the idiomatic words and phrases used to create images for the purposes of comparison, clarification, or whimsy. Contains three separate, self-contained listings: a dictionary, a thematic section, and a thesaurus. Includes suggestions for ad copy, public addresses, games, and crossword puzzles.

z chomika gothicaz

14,5 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

The Routledge Dictionary of Historical Slang.pdf

Author: Eric Partridge
Publisher: Routledge

Drawn from the Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, with the emphasis on the expressions used or coined before 1914

z chomika gothicaz

4,1 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Dictionary Of American Slang And Colloquial Expres sions.pdf

Author: Richard A. Spears
Publisher: McGraw-Hill

This compact and well-formatted book features "more than 8500 contemporary slang and informal expressions." With 800 more entries than the previous edition, this third edition includes street slang, popular culture terms, and the telegraphic language peculiar to the Internet. Arranged alphabetically, entries include usage information, slang type or source, and additional information about whether the term is, e.g., objectionable, derogatory, or standard English. The entries for some "difficult or unpredictable" words may include pronunciation information. The alphabetic arrangement is augmented by a phrase-finder index and Go to/See also references. If you don't know the meaning of expressions such as "Baldwin" (a good-looking male), "Vietnik" (someone who opposed the Vietnam War), or "face time" (time spent face to face with someone), this book will explain. Some obvious terms such as "nervous Nellie" (any nervous person), "naw" (no), "what the heck" (it doesn't matter), and "square" (old-fashioned) seem out of place. Wordsmiths may find this resource more useful and entertaining than NTC's American Idioms Dictionary (LJ 5/15/00), also edited by Spears. Readers seeking etymological or historical information may wish to consult more comprehensive slang resources such as The Cassell Dictionary of Slang (LJ 5/1/99), The Oxford Dictionary of Slang (LJ 3/1/99), or Random House Historical Dictionary of Slang (LJ 11/15/97). In general, users will appreciate this work's ease of use and wealth of contemporary American terms. Libraries will want to purchase it for its currency, vibrancy of American language, and affordable price.

z chomika gothicaz

5,4 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology.pdf

Author: Edited by Alan Barnard and Jonathan Spencer
Publisher: Routledge

This encyclopedia provides description and analysis of the terms, concepts, and issues of social and cultural anthropology. International in authorship and coverage, this accessible work is fully indexed and cross-referenced.

z chomika gothicaz

15,4 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

encyclopedic_dictionary_of_polymers.pdf

Author: Jan W. Gooch (Ed.)
Publisher: Springer

The editor offers scientists, engineers, academia, and others interested in adhesives, coatings,elastomers, inks, plastics, and textiles a valuable communication tool within this book In addition, the more recent innovations and biocompatible polymers andadhesives productshave necessitated inclusion into any lexicon that addresses polymeric materials. Communication among scientific and engineering personnel has always been of critical importance, and as in any technical field, the terms and descriptions of materials and processes lag the availability of a manual or handbook that would benefit individuals working and studying in scientific and engineering disciplines. There is often a challenge when conveying an idea from one individual to another due to its complexity, and sometimes even the pronunciation of a word is different not only in different countries, but also in industries.

z chomika gothicaz

10,4 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Historical Dictionary of Horror Cinema.pdf

Author: Peter Hutchings
Publisher: The Scarecrow Press, Inc

If you rate films by their aesthetic or intellectual content, horror films will certainly not appear at the top of the list. But if you rate films by their popular appeal or their returns at the box office, they will quickly rise to the top-at least some of them. Ever since the cinema has existed, so have horror films. Today there is sure to be at least one showing at a neighborhood theater, as well as a couple on late-night television. So this latest volume in the cinema subseries caters to an extremely large clientele, including many whose passion for this genre is unbounded and who want nothing more than to be frightened out of their wits-by Dracula and Frankenstein, mummies and werewolves, and more sophisticated fare such as The Omen and The Exorcist. Their tastes have been satisfied and refined by some of the finest (and a few of the worst) actors, directors, and producers in the business.

z chomika gothicaz

16,9 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Oxford Slang Dictionary.PDF

Author: John Ayto
Publisher: Oxford

If your other reference books aren't funky enough for you, get a nickel bag of unorthodoxy with the Oxford Dictionary of Slang. This comprehensive look at informal English from around the world and across the centuries is organized thesaurus-style into sections for easy browsing by category. Look up underground terminology for drugs and sex and you'll be browsing for a month of Sundays. Of course, if you need to get the skinny on a particular term but have no idea what it could mean, there's an alphabetical index that'll take you right where you need to go.

Each word or phrase is thoroughly documented, as you'd expect from an Oxford dictionary; its first print sighting, place of use, meanings, and cross-contextual references are included, as well as illuminating usage quotes. The Dictionary is easy to use and the definitions are concise—you can get the information you need quickly with time left to linger over related terms. More than 10,000 entries yield plenty of insight into commonly used but still-not-quite-kosher parts of our language. When your New Zealander buddy refers to someone as a cow-spanker, you won't have to wonder for long just who you're dealing with (don't worry, she's a dairy farmer); The Oxford Dictionary of Slang will give you the moxie to deal with a discombobulated world.

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12,0 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

The Dictionary of Mythology.pdf

The Dictionary of Mythology is packed with information on heroes and heroines, mythical beasts, imaginary characters, legendary artifacts, mythological places and celebrated historical figures whose life stories have been embellished by myth, 1133 pages detailed text.

z chomika gothicaz

8,7 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Philipp Strazny- Encyclopedia of Linguistic.pdf

zachomikowany

2,0 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Language Loyalty, Continuity And Change Joshua A. Fishman's Contributions to International Socioling uistics (Bilingual Education & Bilingualism).pdf

Author: Ofelia Garcia, Rakhmiel Peltz, Harold F. Schiffman, Gella Schweid Fishman
Publisher: Multilingual Matters Limited

This short volume provides a comprehensive and synoptic view of Joshua A. Fishman's contributions to international sociolinguistics. The two integrative essays provide readers with the essential understandings of Fishmanian sociolinguistics and his contributions to Yiddish scholarship. An up-to-date comprehensive bibliography prepared by Gella Schweid Fishman, as well as Fishman's own concluding sentiments, complement the integrative essays.

z chomika gothicaz

0,9 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Literacy and Gender.pdf

Author: Gemma Moss
Publisher: Routledge

Literacy and Gender provides a major contribution to general debates about literacy and gender in schools. It advances the theory in literacy as a social practice as well as providing practical support to those researching literacy.

This timely project is essential reading for anyone with an interest in applied linguistics, education or gender studies.

z chomika gothicaz

1,7 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Language and Sexuality [CUP] .pdf

Author: Deborah Cameron, Don Kulick
Publisher: Cambridge

This lively and accessible textbook looks at how we talk about sex and why we talk about it the way we do. Drawing on a wide range of examples, from personal ads to phone sex, from sado-masochistic scenes to sexual assault trials, the book provides a clear introduction to the relationship between language and sexuality. Using a broad definition of ‘sexuality’, the book encompasses not only issues surrounding sexual orientation and identity but also questions about the discursive construction of sexuality and the verbal expression of erotic desire. Cameron and Kulick contextualize their findings within current research in linguistics, anthropology and psychology, and bring together relevant theoretical debates on sexuality, gender, identity, desire, meaning and power. Topical and entertaining, this much-needed textbook will be welcomed by students and researchers in sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology and gender/sexuality studies, as well as anyone interested in the relationship between language and sex.

Contents

Preface; 1. Making connection; 2. Talking sex and thinking sex: the linguistic and discursive construction of sexuality; 3. What has gender got to do with sex? Language, heterosexuality and heteronormativity; 4. Sexuality as identity: gay and lesbian language; 5. Looking beyond identity: language and desire; 6. Language and sexuality: theory, research and politics.

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1,3 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Research on mother tongue education in a comparati ve international perspective.pdf

Author: Wolfgang Herrlitz, Sigmund Ongstad, Piet-Hein van de Ven
Publisher: Rodopi

Pioneering in the comparison of standard language teaching in Europe, the International Mother tongue Education Network (IMEN) in the last twenty-five years stimulated experts from more than fifteen European countries to participate in a range of research projects in this field of qualitative educational analyses. The volume "Research on mother tongue education in a comparative international perspective - Theoretical and methodological issues" documents theoretical principals and methodological developments that during the last decades shaped IMEN research and may enlarge the fundaments of comparative qualitative research in language education in a seminal way. The topics of this volume include * IMEN's aims, points of departure, history and methodology. * research on the professional practical knowledge of MTE-teachers. * innovation, key incident analysis and international triangulation * positioning in theory and practice Also included: the IMEN bibliography 1984-2004 which supplies a complete picture of IMEN research activities from the beginning.

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1,4 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

Recent Advances in the Syntax and Semantics of Ten se, Aspect and Modality (Trends in Linguistics. St udies and Monographs).pdf

Author: Saussure, Louis de, Moeschler, and Jacques
Publisher: Mouton de Gruyter

It is a fact that tense, aspect and modality together form one of the most recurring and active areas of research in contemporary syntax and semantics, as well as in other disciplines of linguistics. A large number of syntactic and semantic phenomena are concerned by the temporal-aspectual-modal level of representation: information about time, aspect and modality is part of virtually all sentences; inflexion is quite widely considered as the core of syntactic projections. Because of this very crucial situation and role in the sentence structure, temporal-aspectual and modal information concerns virtually any part of the sentence and this information has scope over the whole characterization of the eventuality denoted by the sentence.

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14,8 MB
9 gru 12 9:01

The New Psychology of Language Cognitive and Funct ional Approaches To Language Structure.pdf

Author: Michael Tomasello
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum

From the point of view of psychology and cognitive science, much of modern linguistics is too formal and mathematical to be of much use. The newly emerging approaches to language termed, "Functional and Cognitive Linguistics," however, are much less formally oriented. Instead, functional and cognitive approaches to language structure are typically couched in terms already familiar to cognitive scientists: perception, attention, conceptualization, meaning, symbols, categories, schemas, perspectives, discourse context, social interaction, and communicative goals. The account of human linguistic competence emerging from this new paradigm should be extremely useful to scientists studying how human beings (not formal devices) comprehend, produce, and acquire natural languages.

The current volume brings together 10 of the most important linguists in cognitive and functional linguistics whose work is often not easily available to those outside the field. In original contributions, each of these scholars focuses on an important aspect of human linguistic competence, with a special eye to readers who are not professional linguists. Of special importance to all of the contributions are the cognitive and social interactional processes that constitute human linguistic communication. The book is of special interest to psychologists, cognitive scientists, psycholinguists, and developmental psycholinguists, in addition to linguists taking a more psychological approach to language.

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