Exercises in Collocational English.PDF
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What is a collocation?
A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong".
Why learn collocations?
* Your language will be more natural and more easily understood.
* You will have alternative and richer ways of expressing yourself.
* It is easier for our brains to remember and use language in chunks or blocks rather than as single words.
How to learn collocations
* Be aware of collocations, and try to recognize them when you see or hear them.
* Treat collocations as single blocks of language. Think of them as individual blocks or chunks, and learn strongly support, not strongly + support.
* When you learn a new word, write down other words that collocate with it (remember rightly, remember distinctly, remember vaguely, remember vividly).
* Read as much as possible. Reading is an excellent way to learn vocabulary and collocations in context and naturally.
* Revise what you learn regularly. Practice using new collocations in context as soon as possible after learning them.
* Learn collocations in groups that work for you. You could learn them by topic (time, number, weather, money, family) or by a particular word (take action, take a chance, take an exam).
* You can find information on collocations in any good learner's dictionary. And you can also find specialized dictionaries of collocations.
Types of Collocation
There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of verb, noun, adjective etc. Some of the most common types are:
* Adverb + Adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
* Adjective + Noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
* Noun + Noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
* Noun + Verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
* Verb + Noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
* Verb + Expression With Preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
* Verb + Adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)
Sample Collocations
There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective + adverb, noun + noun, verb + noun and so on. Below you can see seven main types of collocation in sample sentences.
1. adverb + adjective
* Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.
* We entered a richly decorated room.
* Are you fully aware of the implications of your action?
2. adjective + noun
* The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.
* The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
* He was writhing on the ground in excruciating pain.
3. noun + noun
* Let's give Mr Jones a round of applause.
* The ceasefire agreement came into effect at 11am.
* I'd like to buy two bars of soap please.
4. noun + verb
* The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.
* Snow was falling as our plane took off.
* The bomb went off when he started the car engine.
5. verb + noun
* The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.
* I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed.
* He has been asked to give a presentation about his work.
6. verb + expression with preposition
* We had to return home because we had run out of money.
* At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears.
* Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime.
7. verb + adverb
* She placed her keys gently on the table and sat down.
* Mary whispered softly in John's ear.
* I vaguely remember that it was growing dark when we left.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong".
Why learn collocations?
* Your language will be more natural and more easily understood.
* You will have alternative and richer ways of expressing yourself.
* It is easier for our brains to remember and use language in chunks or blocks rather than as single words.
How to learn collocations
* Be aware of collocations, and try to recognize them when you see or hear them.
* Treat collocations as single blocks of language. Think of them as individual blocks or chunks, and learn strongly support, not strongly + support.
* When you learn a new word, write down other words that collocate with it (remember rightly, remember distinctly, remember vaguely, remember vividly).
* Read as much as possible. Reading is an excellent way to learn vocabulary and collocations in context and naturally.
* Revise what you learn regularly. Practice using new collocations in context as soon as possible after learning them.
* Learn collocations in groups that work for you. You could learn them by topic (time, number, weather, money, family) or by a particular word (take action, take a chance, take an exam).
* You can find information on collocations in any good learner's dictionary. And you can also find specialized dictionaries of collocations.
Types of Collocation
There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of verb, noun, adjective etc. Some of the most common types are:
* Adverb + Adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
* Adjective + Noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
* Noun + Noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
* Noun + Verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
* Verb + Noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
* Verb + Expression With Preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
* Verb + Adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)
Sample Collocations
There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective + adverb, noun + noun, verb + noun and so on. Below you can see seven main types of collocation in sample sentences.
1. adverb + adjective
* Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.
* We entered a richly decorated room.
* Are you fully aware of the implications of your action?
2. adjective + noun
* The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.
* The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
* He was writhing on the ground in excruciating pain.
3. noun + noun
* Let's give Mr Jones a round of applause.
* The ceasefire agreement came into effect at 11am.
* I'd like to buy two bars of soap please.
4. noun + verb
* The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.
* Snow was falling as our plane took off.
* The bomb went off when he started the car engine.
5. verb + noun
* The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.
* I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed.
* He has been asked to give a presentation about his work.
6. verb + expression with preposition
* We had to return home because we had run out of money.
* At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears.
* Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime.
7. verb + adverb
* She placed her keys gently on the table and sat down.
* Mary whispered softly in John's ear.
* I vaguely remember that it was growing dark when we left.
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Speak and write perfect English!
* The BBI Dictionary of English Word Combinations tells you which words go together in English and which words do not.
* The BBI will help you master the difficulties of common but unpredictable English phrases and word combinations.
* The BBI shows key differences between American and British English.
* The BBI helps you decide about word combinations that are on the tip of your tongue.
* The BBI gives more grammatical information than any other existing dictionary in easy steps.
* Get the BBI Workbook to teach yourself.
* The BBI has proved its value to hundreds of thousands of users.
* The BBI 2nd revised edition is made fully up to date with modern British and American usage, and now includes 20% more information.
* The BBI is a source of inspiration and will be your mentor and guide for speaking and writing perfect English.
This revised edition of the BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English, is an expanded and updated version of the First Edition (1986) and its New Printing (1993), both of which were very favorably received. In this new edition, the contents of the BBI have been increased by over 20%.
In selecting new material, the authors have made use of a variety of sources, such as:
1. comments and suggestions from over fifty reviews published in journals throughout the world;
2. additions to the bilingual editions of the BBI, specifically the Maruzen edition (Tokyo, 1993) and the Longman Dictionary of English Collocations (Hong Kong, 1995);
3. comments and suggestions from users of the BBI.
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The BBI Dictionary of English Word Combinations jest najobszerniejszy (według informacji wydawniczej zawiera ponad 18 tysięcy haseł i 90 tysięcy kolokacji), ale wielość haseł wymusza ich ograniczoną objętość. Stąd np. przy mało którym rzeczowniku znajdziemy więcej jak 5-6 czasowników czy przymiotników wchodzących z nim w związki frazeologiczne (wbrew pozorom wcale nie jest to dużo).